Dr. I. Pap szerk.: Studia historico-anthropologica (Anthropologia Hungarica 22. Budapest, 1992)

CHAPTER 5 COMPARISON OF THE RESULTS YIELDED WITH THE DATA OF ETHNIC ODONTOLOGY AND DERMATOGLYPHICS The author of this dissertation sampled data simultaneously from the male population of the same Hungarian local groups and these data were investigated somatologically as well as starting from the very significant race-diagnostic values of some odontological patterns systematically analyzed by Zubov (1966, 1968, 1973) according to a shortened program. The form of lingual surface of the upper medial incisors of 2219 adults was investigated. The number of persons whose lateral incisors were also investigated was over 2000 (2060). The lingual surface of the upper incisor is more often investigated in a four-ball scale (0-3). As far as the odontoscopical material of Hungarian males in concerned, it can be stated that the two first forms (0 and 1) are significantly dominant over the two others (2 and 3) according to the local groups in the case of the lingual surface of the upper medial incisors. The semi-shovel (form 2) and the shovel (form 3) incisors can be regarded one of the best odontological patterns characterizing representatives of the Mongoloid branch of mankind (Hanihara 1966). The increased frequency of semi-shovel form incisors as opposed form 3 to seem to be characteristic for all the local groups of the Hungarian male population studied. A very high frequency of shovel shaped incisors were found by Zubov (1968) in some Europoid groups (Oraons, Munda, Santals) of the Indian subcontinent. It seems to have a great significance that the Hungarian groups studied are far not only from the Mongoloids in general but from the Kazahs of a metisated Europo-Mongoloid origin, too. The same conclusions could be achieved when the frequency of the distal trigonid crest was analyzed on the first lower molar. On the basis of our comparisons we can state that according to a special combination of odontological and somatological traits the marked dominance of different components of the Europoid race-stock no doubt existed in the mosaic composition of the male population of Hungary. A synthesis was produced not long ago (Roginskiy 1970). According to it the dermatoglyphic data of the hand may provide some support for making certain questions of ethnogenesis clear. This possibility was already demonstrated by Gladkova (1966). She was the first to collect a large number of data on the distributional frequency of epidermal characteristics of different peoples of the Earth. The author of the present dissertation kept in mind the significant comparative value of dermatoglyphic traits and he sampled data from the male population of Hungary following the same local groups that were utilized for somatological and odontoscopic investigation, too. The contingent of Hungarians studied by their ethnic dermatoglyphic traits contained more than 3000 individuals. To make the relationship of Europoid and Mongoloid characters data were analyzed from the following regions: Őrség (combined groups), Milejszeg (Göcsej), Kunhegyes, Jászapáti, Mezőkövesd (Middle-Tisza region), Himód (North-West), Taktabáj (Taktaköz), Gacsáj (Szamosmellék). Among the eight dermatoglyphic series (approximately 900 persons) that of Taktabáj, seems to be a separate entity on the basis of some Mongoloid characters: A lower frequency (48.79%) of ulnar loop, a higher frequency (41.74%) of whorl and a graduated Furuhata-index (78.48%) (Gladkova & Tóth 1973). As it is known the value of delta-index with Europoids varies between 10.77 and 14.65 (Gladkova 1966). The minimum and maximum of this index in Őrség and in Taktabáj (12.90-13.66) falls between the limits mentioned above. We have to point out that the highest values of the delta-index (higher than 13.22) could be found within the area of the Europoid branch in the different ethnic groups inhabiting South-Europe, the Caucasus, West-Asia and India. The local groups of Őrség of Kunhegyes and of Taktabáj produced Dankmeier indices falling between the variation limits characterizing Southern Europoids. The dermatoglyphic traits also left no doubt about the dominance of the elements of the Europoid great-race within the Central Danubian variant in general. Whereas a sufficient role of the Southern Europoid component is also partially evident in the formation of the physical outlook of recent Hungarians.