Dr. I. Pap szerk.: Studia historico-anthropologica (Anthropologia Hungarica 22. Budapest, 1992)

Hungarian male population seems to feel a clear intermediary position as far as chest hair is concerned. The medium range of the beard growth of Hungarian males also reflects an intermediary position. In addition to the general dominance of straight profile - except for the males of the Jászság - the convex form of the nasal bridge can be considered dominant over the concave one in all the ethnographical zones studied. The peculiar combination of ball-scales (2-1 and 3-2) was analyzed in correlation of the nasal tip and nasal base. When interpreting these phenomena we have to take into consideration that the nasal base of Northern Europoids is very often more elevated than their nasal tip (Debets 1951). As opposed to it the weaker state of development of the supraciliar region is dominant with Hungarian males and it may be considered not only a sign of general gracilization but that of the presence of the Europoid great-race, too. It can be established that the two main components of the Europoid race-branch are present in almost equal proportions in the anthropological composition of Hungarians. When choosing the Central Danubian variant the insufficient difference presented by the majority of metric traits (T-criteria being smaller than 2 units) of the local groups of Hungarian male population was taken into consideration. The analysis of the geographical distribution of the given characteristics manifested a crossing similarity between the ethnogeographical zones. It deserves attention that according to V. V. Bunak's (1965) remark a difference of one unit which can be calculated for an index or any diametric difference of 2 mm as well as a difference of 10% for a given unit exists between the distant zones of Hungary of our days. However, these differences are not concentrated according to the same ethnogeographical zones. The difference of individual ethnographic zones can be slassified significant when indices produce a difference of one unit or absolute values that of 2 mm or 10%. As far as the scopic traits are concerned the minimal values do delimit the male population of the (Cis-Szamos river, Szamosmellék) Szamos-region and the Southern group of Palóc (included Matyó groups), Őrség, Taktaköz, Jászság and the North-Western group, whereas maximal values are characteristic for Őrség, Göcsej, North-West group and Jászság. However, minimal values are characteristic for the metric traits of Szamosmellék, the North-Eastern Palocians, the North-Western groups, Taktaköz and Őrség whereas maximal values - the Southern Palóc (included Matyó), Őrség, Kunság and Szamosmellék. The Central Danubian variant chosen by us is characterized by the dominance of dark hair and mixed coloured eyes, by medium developed beard-growth, by relatively weakly developed chest hair, by the not significant percent of the absence of the medial part of upper eyelid-plica, by the straight nasal bridge. Light shades of the eyes area significantly prevailing over the dark ones. The Central Danubian variant is characterized by well-expressed brachycephaly, mesoprosopy keeping quite near to narrow facedness, leptorhiny and medium tall body on the basis of the metric traits. According to the majority of the traits studied this variant is located between the limits of the values characterizing the Central European race. As it is known this race represents a synthetic group of a number of variants (Roginskiy and Levin 1955). However, the Central Danubian variant seems to be a little different to the Central European race having higher and wider face. First of all it belongs to the bizygomatic diameter presenting an increase of values from the West to the East i.e. it has a limiting role in the relation of Alpine, Carpathian and Pontic zones. Three territorial complexes were selected in the Central Danubian variant. The South-Western one of these complexes is characterized by the great proportion of light eyes (50 percent), by the dominance of individuals having dark hair (70-80 percent), by the high percentage of the absence of the medial part of upper eyelid plica, by medium developed chest hair and beard as well as by the dominance of convex nasal bridge over the concave one. Medium tall stature (168-169 cm) is characteristic for this complex as well as the greatest diameter (approximately 128 mm) of the morphologic facial height, medium size diameter (143144 mm) of the bizygomatic breadth, the mesoleptoprosopy (88-89), maximal size of the transversal head diameter (158 mm) and well expressed brachycephaly (84-85) and leptorhiny (indices calculated from the lower biciliar edge about 60).