Dr. I. Pap szerk.: Studia historico-anthropologica (Anthropologia Hungarica 22. Budapest, 1992)

PARTI SOMATOLOGICAL DATA CHAPTER 1 MATERIAL AND METHOD The author carried out investigations according to a project accepted by the Anthropological Department of the Ethnographical Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences and by the Anthropological Research Institute of the Moscow State University. 14 metric and 34 scopic anthropological traits were included in the project. In five seasons material was sampled from 40 groups of the male population of Hungary (3310 individuals) and from that of the Soviet Union (1085 individuals). The traits were evaluated with every local group (4395 individuals) by the following parameters: case number (N), range of variation (min-max), mean value (M) with its error m(M), quadratic deviation (o) with its error m(o) and variation coefficient (V). Nine indices were also calculated: head-, jugo-mandibular, fronto-mandibular, facio-morphological and physiological, nasal from the edge of the eyebrow and form the nasal root and two variants of the lip-index. Some intragroup correlation coefficients were also calculated by eight pairs of characters. Statistical elaborations were done in the Computer Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. As it is known one of the fundamental criteria of field work done according to the rules of somatology is the application of a unified method in the determination of scopic and metric traits. The author obtained his experience in this field at a laboratory course directed by G. F. Debets. CHAPTER 2 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE TRAITS The different peculiarities of pigmentation body hairs and the structure of the upper eyelid are described and discussed in this chapter. Various measurements and the form of the face are also analyzed as well as the scopic and metric characters of the nose and lips, the morphological peculiarities of the chin and ear-flap, the measurements and the structure of cranium, stature and different indices are analyzed. First of all the dominance of light skin colours deserves attention and the mixed shades of eye colours and the dark shades of hairy pigmentation in every local group of the Hungarian male population or in the majority of them. The simultaneous occurrence of dark hair and light or mixed colours eyes can be noticed among the variants of parallelism. The reversed combination (light hair with dark eyes) occurred very seldom. No zonality could be observed as far as pigmentation is concerned with the local groups of Hungarians as an entity. Face and chest hair of Hungarians more moderately developed than the medium standard while eyebrows are more marked to a certain degree. No parallelism can be observed between the beard and chest hairs as well as the thickness of eye-brows with the majority of the local groups from Hungary. These local groups are mostly characterized by slightly wavy hair. Nevertheless stiff straight hair is also present with an unnegligible frequency (10%) in the middle of the Trans-Tisza region (Nagykunság). As it is known the proximal part of the upper eyelid-plica can be regarded as a delimiting trait between components of the Europoid and Mongoloid great-races. One's interest can be aroused by the well expressed differences between the Hungarian local groups and the Sarykopians (Madiars, Kipchaks, Argyns)