Dr. T. Tóth szerk.: Studia historico-anthropologica (Anthropologia Hungarica 19. Budapest, 1986)
ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS AND ABNORMALITIES Anatomical variations and abnormalities could be identified in 109 cases within the series of Visegrád (Table 8). Os apicis could be found in 8 individuals (4 adults, 2 children and 2 juveniles) . Os bregmaticum and os incae both occur in only one instance. Os epiptericum could be identified on the skulls of 2 males and one juvenile. Narrowing sutura sphenoparietalis could be seen on another juvenile cranium. Sutura metopica was found on one female skull. Ossa wormiana occurred in an astonishing small number, within our series. It could be identified only in one infans II and 2 juvenile specimens. Torus palatínus sagittalis developed on the maxillae of 2 males. Torus mandibularis occurred in a great number of cases (28) mainly in males (17). One mature male skull (Grave No. 146) is scaphocephalic because of early ossification of sutura sagittalis (Plate 1). Palatochisis on the palate of an inf. I (Grave No. 30). Among the 50 abnormalities found on skulls 34 could be located on grown-up crania. Males from a larger part of individuals (26) affected by abnormalities than do the females. It can be traced back to the larger frequency of torus mandibularis on males. There are the following abnormalities on the postcranial material: We found spina bifida of various positions in 8 cases. It could be found in more males (Grave No. 29: S^, Grave No. 80, Grave No. 93: S 5 , Grave No. 162, Grave No. 189: L 5 , Grave No. 217: S 4 , S§) than females (Grave No. 137, Grave No. 143: L^, Sji Plate 2/1). We noticed sacrum bifidum in one case. Synostosis of the last lumbal vertebra and the sacrum (sacralisation) was found in one individual. Lumbalisation was identified in 4 cases. The forming of block-vertebrae could be perceived on the spinal column of 2 males (Grave No. 120: L2 and L3, Grave No. 217: C2, C3). Dual dens epistrophei was observed on 3 cervical vertebras. Foramen transversarium bipartitum was very common in our material (Plate 2/2). Foramen transversarium analysis could be carried on 197 individuals. 108 of them had no cervical vertebrae at all, or the vertebral region around the foramen transversarium was missing. Of the 89 individuals with cervical vertebrae suitable for analysis (45. 2%) 49 had a normal foramen transversarium (55. 1%) while a foramen transversarium bipartitum could be observed in 40 individuals (44.9%). Going into further details of the values found in the various age groups it could be stated that a dual foramen transversarium could be established in 25-33% for children and juveniles, while 53. 3% of the grown-ups presented a double foramen: the males had much more foramina transversaria bipartita (26 cases, 59. 1%) than the females (6 cases, 37.5%). In other words, of all cases of foramen transversarium bipartitum found in the grown-ups the males displayed 81.25':'o while the females only 18. 75%! As SU SA & VARGA (1981) reported on it, this anatomical variation - which is presumably inherited - is a frequent phenomenon. According to these authors, this abnormality occurs with frequencies in the range of 22. 7-47.2 percent within the various series. From the total of 59 abnormalities registered, 37 were found on male postcranial skeletons and 9 on female ones. It can also be stated for the complete skeletons that the males bore some sort of abnormality more frequently than did the females (Table 8). PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES Within the Visegrád series cranial lesions could be found on 2 skulls. Both cases occurred on male skulls. On the skull of Grave No. 148 a healed cut could be found in the left frontal region. A healed linear fracture could be detected on the frontal bone of the skull No. 161. Probably both wounds resulted from sword cuts. Long bones and vertebra lesions were present in 10 cases (7 males, 3 females).Both femora of female No. 20 healed with axial deviation.. The male from Grave No. 138 had a radius fracture healed without axial deviation. We found recovered broken ribs in two cases: male No. 176 had his right side third rib and female No. 182 had her left side second one. Clavicle fractures can be considered as relatively frequent. Traces of healed fractures could be seen on the right collar-bone of male No. 2 5 and on the left on male No. 146 (Plate 3/1). The right clavicle of male No. 161 healed without axial deviation but with shortening (it should be remarked here that this individual also carried the trace of a cut on his frontal bone). The right collar-bone of male No. 184 recovered with axial divergence and with much callus.
