Dr. T. Tóth szerk.: Studia historico-anthropologica (Anthropologia Hungarica 19. Budapest, 1986)

Deformations indicating vertebral fractures could be identified in two cases: there is a trace of a previous fracture on the cracked, spondylotic vertebrae of male No. 28 and on the 10th, 11th dorsal vertebrae of female No. 159 (Plate 3/2). Spondylosis occurred quite frequently (25 cases) within our material, mainly on males (22 cases). The following individuals bore it on their lumbal sections: 28, 80, 95, 119, 120, 132, 147 (moderate), 148, 160, 181, 189, 217. This kind of deformation appeared on the thoracic as well as lumbal regions of individuals No. 75, 93, 139, 179. There was expressed cervical, thoracic and lumbal spondylosis in the male No. 20 1. All vertebrae of male No. 161 were spondylotic. Spondylosis and spondylarthrosis were jointly present in males No. 154,173, 217. The right clavicle and scapula of individual No. 217 ossified together. The female presented only 3 cases of spondylosis: in the lumbal section (No. 92), in the thoraco-lumbal section (No. 124) and in the lumbal and lower dorsal section (No. 159). The hip-bone of male No. 161 is markedly arthrotic on the upper edge of its acetabulum. Exostosis could be found on the left ilium of male No. 181. The medial surface of the trochlea of male humerus No. 184 is completely eburneated. Female No. 208 had scoliosis with a left side curve. Schmoll hernia was present on the vertebrae of male No. 93. Features indicating myeloma could be recognized on the male skull No. 144/a. TAXONOMIC ANALYSIS Unfortunately, primary taxonomic characteristics could be analysed only on 7 male and 3 female crania (Tables 9-10). The nasomalar angle of one male face (No. 161) bore Mongoloid characteristics. Further 4 males (No. 161, 179, 184, 185) and 1 female (No. 182) crania were of some intermediate type. 3 males (146, 176, 189) had dacryal indices close to the value of Mongoloids and the females presented intermediate characteristics. The simotical index value of 2 male skulls (176, 189) were between the values typical for Mongoloids and Europoids. The same index of 2 female faces (182, 186) came rather close to the Mongoloid standard. When evaluating all the characteristics together, a small scale, non-dominant Moi> goloid influence can be observed on the male skulls No. 176, 189 and on the female cranium No. 182. Secondary taxonomix characteristics could be studied on 14 individuals (9 males, 5 females) (Table 11). The Cromagnoid group was presented by one male (No. 148) and one female skull (No. 188). The Nordoid group made up the majority of crania with 4 males (No. 146, 161, 176, 186) and 2 females (172, 186) (Plates 4-5). The Medit

erranean group was presented by one male (No. 203) and one female (No. 137). The Brachy

cranial group consisted of 3 males (No. 179, 184, 185) and 1 female (182) of the Pamirian type (Plate 6). As a summary we may state that the dolichocranial elements (71. 44%) made up the larger part of our series. Within this the Nordoid group gave the most significant contribution (42.86%). The Cromagnoid and Mediterranean groups were present in the same rate (14.29%). The Brachycrans were a most important group (providing the second largest number of cases), 28. 57% of all the skulls belonged here. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS We compared our material to 23 Arpad period male and female series, to 3 series from the age of the Conquest as well as to the 4 groups (A, B, C, D) of the 10th century Hungarians separated by ERY (1978) and to the geographic group of Arpad period Hungarians (TÓTH 1974, 1980) (Figs 1-8). Although a clearly perceptible difference exists between the findings from Visegrád and the series compared to it - as the 8, 45, 48, 8: 1, 52: 51, 54: 55 measurements and indices and ALEXEYEVA's special indices (1966) indicate it by their topographic data - the male series nevertheless shows a relative proximity to that of Orosháza-Rákóczitelep and SzatymazVasútállomás (Figs 9-10), while the females show it to that of Pusztapáka, ZentaPaphalom and Szatymaz-Vasútállomás (Figs 11-12). Unfortunately, we could compare primary taxonomic characteristics to those of merely a few Arpad period cemeteries and the Conquering Hungarians. On the basis of it, the males are the most similar to those of Nagykőrös, Esztergom-Vasútállomás and Szabolcs-Petőfiut-