Dr. T. Tóth szerk.: Historico-anthropological studies (Anthropologia Hungarica 9/1-2. Budapest, 1970)
Taxonomic characteristics Interpreting the calculated, classified, and estimated data, the characteristics of the type-patterns (based on LIPTÁK's method; 1962a,b) of the population at Kál can be outlined, with reference to the main features of the individuals, as follows (Plates I-V ). Of the 20 males allowing study, 19 belong to the Europoid great race. The 19 Europoid males can be separated into two subgroups: the larger one comprises dolichocranial individuals, the smaller one brachycranial ones. The group comprising dolichomorphous crania can be further subdivided into one consisting of diverse Mediterranoid elements of a low stature, and another one of probably Nordoid elements of a high stature. The brachycranial subgroup contains miscellaneous elements among which the probable presence of 3 Dinaroid, 1 Pamirian, 1 Alpinoid individuals can be shown, while the nearer taxonomic place of two individuals, of a high stature, gracile bones, very narrow and extremely short brain case (incidentally, the skulls are rather defective), is uncertain. Mongoloid characteristics ,besides Europoid features could be recognized on one adult individual (Plate 1,1). The Mongoloid character of the male skull deriving from Grave 30 appears chiefly in the extremely slight nasalspine angle (14°), the very large anterior interorbital breadth (25 mm),the low vault of the brain case, the relatively low sutura squamalis and the steeply reclinate and temporally narrower frontal region. This male had the highest status among the individuals buried in the exposed part of the cemetery . Among the 21 female skulls permitting study, 19 belongs to the Europoid great race,while 2 show a mixed Europo-Mongoloid,more precisely a Turanoid, character (Graves 3,11). The distribution as to type of the females is largely similar to that of the males with the exception that, whereas the Gromagnoid characteristics appear only secondarily on the male skulls,these are definitely separable in two cases in the females (one CrA and one CrB) , and they could be observed,as a secondary trait,in also some further cases. Some differences appear yet in the composition of the Mediterranoids ,since the gracile-Mediterranoid variety comes to the fore in four or five cases among the females, but in merely one cases among the males. The distribution of the estimated types of the Kál population is shown on Table 13. The type distribution of the adults is instructively complemented by the picture of the younger individuals. Five of the six 'individuals (four of them comprising age group Infans II, and two young men from the very beginning of the Juvenile age group) are Europoids; within this group, three show dolichocranial and two brachycranial characters. On one young male (Grave 9), who died just as he entered the Juvenile age group, the presence of mixed Europo-Mongoloid features can be recognized (Plate 1,2). The grave
