Dr. T. Tóth szerk.: Historico-anthropological studies (Anthropologia Hungarica 9/1-2. Budapest, 1970)

of the youngster, buried with a significant amount of material objects despite his young age, was immediately beside Grave 30, containing the single Europo-mongolid adult male discussed above, apparently the most dignified individual of the known population,The problem immediately arises therefore whether there were not some relationship between the two individuals, namely, the possibility of the youngster having been the son of the older man. The comparative examination of the two skulls elevates this assumption to the level of probability. The similarity is remarkable in mainly the nasal region. The hardly impressed nasion point lies in both cases very high, near the glabellar region,and the peculiarly broken arch of the nasal profile, the shape of the nasal bones, and the great interorbital breadth are also highly similar. Also, foramina of a corresponding position and the decurrence on the processus frontalis of the maxilla are observable in both cases. The entire morphological picture of the temporal region of both individuals is characteristically similar, as well as the features of the shape of the foramen occipitale magnum and its rim. Morphological similarities appear, among others, also on the processus coronoideus of the mandible. The differences between the two individuals appear in the cranial vault;the brain case of the young man is characterized namely by the highly developed frontal and parietal tubera, completely missing from that of the older man. The presence of these tubera is probably concomitant not only with the paedomorphic character, but possibly the result of form inherited from the maternal side. Pathological changes It was only partially possible to observe, and to establish the frequency of

,pathological changes visible to the naked eye on the osteological material of the population at Kál,since the rather well preserved vertebrae of the spinal column, the ribs, the bones of the hands and feet, had in most cases not been collected during the excavations. Fractures, injuries. Status post fracturam was observable on the left ulna of merely one female (Grave 75). Two female skulls reveal the healed traces of slight damages,in one case on the left parietal bone, in another on the left 3ide of the forehead (Graves 10, 72). Inflammatory processes. Traces of osteitis or osteomyelitis (?) appear on both pelvic bones of an adult female (Grave 40), together with an extreme constriction of the medullary cavity and a very dense structure of the spongiosa in the femoral shafts. At the same time, a pathological formation of cavities can be seen on the outer and inner sur-