Árvízvédelem, folyó- és tószabályozás, víziutak Magyarországon (OVH, Budapest, 1978)
D) Víziutak - Idegen nyelvű összefoglaló
Tisza and Dráva rivers, causing significant changes in the life and natural regime of these rivers. The chapter entitled Regulation of lakes covers the regulation of Hungary’s natural lakes (Lake Ballaton, Lake Velence, Lake Fertő) and of the canalized Ráckeve (Soroksár) branch of the Danube. The section on lake hydrology contains the data of hydrography, hydrometeorology, hydrologic regime, water budget, water temperature and water quality for each lake and provides information on the hydro- meteorologic observations and measurements. Lake regulation is concerned with controlling the shores, beds and water levels. Development and state are governed by the economic and social needs (navigation, fishery, reed production, water damage prevention, recreation) emerging in the surroundings of lakes. This subject is reviewed for each lake in the next section (II). In the frame of lake regulation works carried out until now on Lake Balaton the shore has been regulated over a total length of 85 km (of which 50 km is final) and a bed area of 270 hectares has been filled up with 4.5 million cu.m dredged material. On Lake Velence the length of shore protection is 9 km with 2,6 million cu.m of dredging and 120 hectares of landfill. On Lake Fertő no significant regulation works have been executed thus far. In the Ráckeve branch of the Danube 1 million cu.m has been dredged from the channel and shore protections of 14 km have been constructed. The work carried out up to 1975 represents the realization of some 30 to 35 per cent of the regulation objectives specified. In the recreation areas considerable advances have been achieved also in the related areas of waiter management (water-supply, sewerage, waste water treatment, regulation of watercourses). The next section covers the future development of lake regulation. The development objectives are justified and the principles for the regulation of shores, heds and water levels are outlined together with the advanced methods thereof, separately for each lake. A review is also given on the research and technical development tasks associated with the regulation of lakes and on the operation and maintenance of regulation structures. The official functions particular to the domain of lake regulation comprise the determination of the shoreline, further those related to hydraulic structures, water projects, diversions, pollution control and environment protection. The organizational framework of lake regulation within the pattern of state water administration, the connections to other agencies, local governments, etc., are outlined, indicating the important role of the latter. The chapter on Waterways begins with an appraisal thereof. The main backbones of the waterway system in Hungary are the Danube and Tisza rivers, which, however, are not connected within the state boundary. In contrast to the overloaded railway and highway networks, the capacity of the waterways is unutilized. The role and importance of water traffic within the national economy cannot be evaluated correctly, unless the entire system of transportation is considered. However, no complete comparative system of efficiency indices is available, so that the comparison 720
