Murányi János szerk.: A Csíki Székely Múzeum Évkönyve 2007-2008. Művelődéstörténet (Csíkszereda, 2008)

MŰVELŐDÉSTÖRTÉNET - GIDÓ CSABA: A vasút szerepe Csíkszereda város fejlődésében a 19-20. század fordulóján

A CSÍKI SZÉKELY MÚZEUM ÉVKÖNYVE 2007-2008 115-130 GIDÓ CSABA A VASÚT SZEREPE CSÍKSZEREDA VÁROS FEJLŐDÉSÉBEN A 19-20. SZÁZAD FORDULÓJÁN Abstract: [The Role of the Railway in the Development of Miercurea Ciuc (Rom.; Hung.: Csíkszereda) on the turn of the lS^-ZO

111 centuries] The railway constructions in the Ciuc county had an important influence on the development of the region. The railway changed the character of the towns. There were established new institutions and the inhabitants got acquainted with the new habits of modern life. Scholars have asserted that the urban growth of the localities without railway was slower than in the settlements which were connected to the railway system. Miercurea Ciuc was the last county-center included in the Austro-Hungarian railway network. The delay of the infrastructural modernizations can be observed in the statistical data as well. In 1891 the town had fewer inhabitants (1789 people) than some of the villages in the area. After the railway reached Miercurea Ciuc, the demographical indexes of the town started rapidly to grow. Nonetheless, the railway gave the opportunity for integration in the international communication network and in the large economic circuit of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. Consequently, the town shaped from a rural settlement into a modern Eastern European urban centre. Rezumat: [Rolul cäilor ferate în dezvoltarea orasului Miercurea Ciuc (rom.; magh.: Csíkszereda) la turnura secolelor al 19-20-lea] Apari^ia cäilor ferate a avut un important impuls asupra dezvoltärii ora§elor. Calea feratâ a schimbat înfatisarea oraselor prin aparitia unor noi institutii si prin includerea localitätii în circuitul modern al lumii. Dezvoltarea oraselor era mult mai lentä în locurile unde nu s-a construit cale feratä, ele ajungând în periféria retelei urbane. Miercurea Ciuc a fost ultimul centru de comitat din Austro-Ungaria secolului al 19-lea unde a ajuns calea feratä. Acest fapt se poate observa si la nivelul dezvoltärii urbanistice a Ciucului. In 1891 orasul avea doar 1789 de locuitori, adicä o populatie mai scäzutä decât în multe sate din împrejur. Calea feratä a ajuns la Miercurea Ciuc în anul 1897, dupä care, dezvoltarea orçului a cäpätat un nou impuis. Orasul s-a intégrât în circutul mondial al comunicärii si a economiei. Calea feratä a deschis sirul unor modernizäri oräsenesti ca introducerea telefonului, al electricitätii, pavarea soselelor si a trotuarelor. Astfel, orasul, la începutul secolului 20, a primit aspectul unui oraç modem central-european. A városok, a 19. századi gazdasági és társadalmi változások aktív és cselekvő alanyai, erőközpontjai, a társadalmi, gazdasági, politikai eseményeknek, közvetítik azok hatásait, átformálják környezetüket. A 19. században végbe-