Dr. Galambos István: A Bakony természeti képe 4. - Gombák a Bakonyban (Ismeretterjesztő kiadványok; Zirc, 2006)

Angol nyelvű összefoglaló

Rőt áltrifla (Scleroderma citrimim) [5B:3] (29-30. kép) Gömbölyded, burgonya, tojás alakú gomba. Színe piszkos sárgás, okkeres sárgás. Felszíne táblásán, barnás pikkelyekre repedezik fel. Alján gyökérszerű micéliumköteg található. A termőtest külső része merev, a belső termőrétegnél világosabb. Utóbbi fehéresből szürkésfeketére változik, majd barnásfekete spóratömeggé alakul, mely a felnyíló szabálytalan hasadékon keresztül távozik. Szaga kellemetlen, íze nem jellegzetes. Nyári - őszi erdőkben élő, gyökérkapcsolt gomba. Mérgező. Szarvasgomba hamisításra, kis mennyiségben gombapor keverékekben alkalmazzák. SUMMARY Fungi are eukaryotic organisms as well as plants and animals. Along with bacteria, fungi are the primary decomposers of dead organic matter in ecosystems. Many fungi have important symbiotic relationships with many other organisms. Mycorrhizal symbiosis between plants and fungi is particularly important; over 90% of all plant species engage in some kind of mycorrhizal relationship with fungi. Fungi are also used extensively by humans. The study of fungi is known as mycology. Fungi were originally classified as plants, however they have since been separated as they are heterotrophs: they do not fix their own carbon through photosynthesis, but use carbon fixed by other organisms for metabolism. Fungi are now thought to be more closely related to animals than to plants. In the beginning the fungi appear to be aquatic. The first land fungi probably appeared when after the first land plants appeared. Fungi absorb their food while animals ingest it; also unlike animals, the cells of fungi have cell walls. For these reasons, these organisms are placed in their own kingdom, Fungi. Fungi may be single-celled or multicellular. Multicellular fungi are composed of networks of long hollow tubes called hyphae. The hyphae often aggregate in a dense network known as a mycelium. The mycelium grows through the medium on which the fungus feeds. Although fungi lack true organs, the mycelia of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes may become organized into more complex reproductive structures called fruiting bodies, or sporocarps, when conditions are right. "Mushroom" is the common name given to the above-ground fruiting bodies of many fungal species, but they make up only a small portion of the entire fungal body. Fungi occur in every environment on Earth and play a critical role in biogeochemical cycles.