Postai és Távközlési Múzeumi Alapítvány Évkönyve, 1998

Rövid tartalmi összefoglaló angol nyelven

onwards, and express-letter home deliveries and payment-on-delivery from 1860. The postal coach fare was reduced, services were speeded up, but the building of railways eventually killed off the postal coach. The mobile post office system came close in the wake of railway fever (1864).

A telegraph station, under Austrian control, opened in Miskolc on 27 May 1859.

After the Compromise, the Hungarian Royal Mail received partial autonomy. It could decide on its internal affairs; post was not a joint matter, but international contracts already signed continued to be binding on the new Hungarian postal administration. A decree was issued on 27 April 1867 to repaint the crest on postal carriages, letter boxes and post offices, replace German-language stamps and rubber stamps, and introduce the new post office emblem. This decree restored the use of the old Hungarian postal emblem, adjusted to the demands of the time, so that the Hungarian royal crown placed above the post horn announced independence from the Austrian Post Office.

The telegraph service, which in 1848 was still only used for official telegrams, by 1868 was forwarding meteorological and river-level reports free of charge, and for money was transmitting private messages. It became one of the first organisations to employ women, in

1872. The Post Office and the Telegraph Office were merged in 1887. Gábor Baross then started off training reform by introducing the “Hungarian Royal Post and Telegraph Office Officer Training Course The Post Office Savings Bank started its operation on 1 February 1886, by provision of Act IX of 1885. In a country recovering from the economic crisis of

1873, it was this institution that succeeded in bringing small private capital into economic life and assisting modest private initiatives, saving small and medium-sized businesses from bankruptcy, and taking an active part in trade and lending operations.

In 1899, the Hungarian Post Office became the first in Europe to use motor vehicles for collection of letters.

In 1908, by Act XII, the Hungarian Post Office won its complete independence.

On 1 October 1914, when the First World War had already broken out, the first wireless telegraph station started in Csepel, and in July 1918, air mail was launched, and actually operated for a few months. The institution of the field post office was formed out of necessity.

Miskolc’s post office came under Treasury management in 1870, and the head of the office was Károly Bene (1870-76). Alajos Duronelli was appointed as head of the Kassa office, and Miskolc postal carriage was taken over by his wife - as carriage postmistress - for personal pay, the use of public lands and carriage fees.

A separate post office was set up in Diósgyőr in 1870. The extension of rail links increased postal traffic, and in 1871 Miskolc joined the national mobile post office system. In order to improve and speed up service, the railway station post office service set up apóst office at Miskolc’s Tisza Railway Station on 23 June 1880, covering all aspects of handling post. The number of small offices had to be increased: at Hejőcsaba in 1884, Diósgyőr Gas Works in 1888, and Miskolc-Biiza tér and Miskolc-Felvég in 1891.

After the post-war Trianon treaty, Hungary lost its postal administrations, or parts of them, in Pozsony, Kassa, Nagyvárad, Kolozsvár and Temesvár: it was left with 2392 post offices out of an original 7051. The number of telegraph offices went down from 5425 to 1918, telephone exchanged from 2586 to 979, postal collection boxes from 16,418 to 6349, postal carriage routes from 17,327 to 2878.

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