Cseri Miklós, Füzes Endre (szerk.): Ház és ember, A Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum évkönyve 12. (Szentendre, Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum, 1998)

SEBESTYÉN KÁLMÁN: Kalotaszeg népi építészete a 18. században

Kálmán Sebestyén VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF KALOTASZEG IN THE 18TH CENTURY Kalotaszeg, this unique historico-ethnographic part in Transylvania between Kolozsvár and Csúcsa, surrounded by the Gyalu, Vlegyásza and Meszes mountains, is one of the best known Hungarian regions. In spite of this fact, few researchers have treated so far the vernacular architecture of the area and within the subject, the building structures of the serfs in Kalotaszeg. Several noted researchers studied the village architecture in Kalotaszeg at the end of the 19th century on the basis of locally available material remains, the related archives, however, were not known to them. Due to the lack of sufficient historical data it was not possible to clarify the building processes in Kalotaszeg and to draw up the synthesis of the folk architecture of the region. The study reviews such archives from the 18th century, which specify the complete building structures of the farms in several settlements in Kalotaszeg. Eight villages have been studied in Kalotaszeg: Körösfő (IzvoruCrisului), Nagykapus (Capusu-Mare), Szászlóna (Luna de sus), Vista (Vistea), Hév és Hidegszamos (Somesu Cald si Rece), Egerbegy (Agirbiciu) and Sólyomtelke (Cornesti). The majority of the houses registered in the document detailing villain socage in 1780 are log buildings made of pine tree timber. Out of 324 houses in the 8 villages 250 (77,5%) are log houses and 62 (19,1%) of them are wattle-walled. The study deals with the types of wattle-walled houses which preserve the ancient form of folk architecture in Kalotaszeg: the older type with pile structure and the younger type with groundsill structure. In the 18th century most of the houses had two rooms but houses with three rooms were known already. We can consider it as proven due to data taken from archives that shingle-roofs were not unknown to the population of Kalotaszeg in the 18th century. The registers of the farm buildings reveal that for the Hungarians the barn was the most important structure, most of the time completed by a stable, the Hungarians being cultivators and stockbreeders. The fences of the farmyards was different amongst the Hungarians and the Rumanians: the Hungarian villages preferred lath fences while the Rumanians set wattle fences. The essay cites in its references more than 500 data regarding folk architecture in Kalotaszeg.