H. Kolba Judit szerk.: Historical Exhibition of the Hungarian National Museum Guide 2 - From the Foundation of the State until the Expulsion of the Ottomans - The history of Hungary in the 11th to 17th centuries (Budapest, 2005)
ROOM 4 - Villages and Towns in the Second Half of the 15th century and at the Beginning of the 16th century (Piroska Biczó )31
33. Detail from a page of a printed missal (Missale ad usum dominorum Ultramontanorum), Verona, 1480 l&.Côfumaboede'.of a fenced e qsope &c 9 mtqfolcntta' tcboni lach fyűe coli nine jede fhb° oc fid e< rusaccéfi fontes tute ntiam^flber.eiufdes liiílá5« «rit 9 mn rc lpkuit orbem iterrap ':all'a,ct _Jbocqé Stinet omiafciftiaj ba< bet uocfs.dlthiaira.aHs» jé. CŐfirma boct>e 9 q$ opnatue eoinobie a tó plo fanctotao qaodcfli bjertifali #. 0lia, of 0 ' la& à bodierna jJLcompkréftnee MjétccollcsíCíátomee üifápaujpariterÍeo< öcloco.Etfactnecjc pctcöcclofonueitá' cp adnenientte Ipőe ti ebemé ti6f?:ep lernt totáöomiuibtejátiéDéretvEtappanicnlt tlltô ötfpertue ligue tlcpigniotfedúqsfn' piafinguIoeeoiMEt repteti fôtomee fpű fnuto: Tccpct fitkHi oaritôlmsoiôipîont Ipintuö fanctusba* bat eloqui Ülte. frát atít in bin H falc m ba< birantee indci uiri ÍC ligi oft ICÍ omni natio neaneftibccloe.^aBuda the role and weight of Hungarian burghers gradually increased. From 1440 onwards, the office of mayor was given in yearly rotation to Germans and Hungarians. From the second half of the 15th century onwards, there was a populous Italian merchant colony in Buda, although its members were not given civic rights. Shifts in the focal points of commerce were often followed by merchant families moving on. The tombstone of the Buda burgher Miklós Dobringer (d.1462) bears a coat of arms that also features at the beginning of the Selmecbánya Book of Regulations: the family must have moved to Buda from Selmecbánya (Banská Stiavnica). ART OF THE LITURGICAL OBJECTS On the window side of the room liturgical objects and church furniture and fittings are displayed (Fig. 29). The base material of one of the chasubles is a red-and-green Venetian velvet of pomegranate pattern, which is rather rare among Italian textiles of the 16th century. On the longitudinal part of the cross embroidered in satin stitch and surface satin stitch St. John the Baptist, the Archangel Michael and St. John the Evangelist are represented on the crossbeam part; the scene of the Annunciation has been embroidered (Fig. 30). The splendour of the pluvials of the prelates was heightened by richly ornamented mantle clasps. In the last quarter of the 15th century the decorativity of Late Gothic art can also be observed on ecclesiastical objects. Their ornamentation became richer, and cloisonné enamel was frequently used. The setting of the cup part of the so-called Nyári chalice is decorated outside the disks with cloisonné enamel and engraved patterns, using a special technique from the second half of the 15th century characterized by filigree work of fine wire combined with tiny globes. On the foot of the chalice we see the engraved figures of the holy Hungarian kings Stephen and Ladislas and Prince Emeric (Fig. 32). The Nagyvárad (Oradea) altar cruets, decorated with embossed pears and naturalistic foliage, are masterworks of goldsmith's art in Hungary at around 1500, showing the influence of jewellery made in Augsburg and Nuremberg (Fig. 31). Missals and liturgical books were in very great demand in mediaeval times; parish churches with several altars, primarily in towns, especially needed them. The first printed missals used in Hungary came from Italian and German language areas. Their letter types and painted decoration copied the handwritten codices. The missal of the Bártfa (Bardejov) library entitled Missale ad usum dominorum Ultramontanorum, printed in Verona, was made for priests celebrating Mass in Hungary; it contains the feasts of the Hungarian saints as well (Fig. 33).
