Hausner Gábor - Kincses Katalin Mária - Veszprémy László szerk.: A Hadtörténeti Múzeum Értesítője. Acta Musei Militaris in Hungaria. 4. „Kard és koszorú”. Ezer év magyar uralmi és katonai jelképei. (Budapest, 2001)
KATONAI JELKÉPEK - KREUTZER ANDREA: A hadsereg identitástudatának tükröződése a nyomtatott dokumentumokban (1868-1918)
PRINTED DOCUMENTS AS REFLECTIONS ON MILITARY IDENTITY, 1868-1918 Self-representation of the military in the Hapsburg Empire appeared in the 18 th century, following the establishment of a standing army. Earlier the army as a corporate body had been represented by the political propaganda of the commanders and the monarchs who led the troops to war. By this time the organisation, having come to an independent life, running its variously regulated administrative machinery, 'defined itself systematically. Homogeneity and separation was emphasised vigorously both outwards and inwards. The military as an administrative and bureaucratic organisation was part of the state apparatus, and 'a state within a state' at the same time. This phenomenon was mirrored in different publications issued in the course of operations of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy's armoured corps. A possible classification of military related printed material is as follows: 1. official, practical publications: bulletins, regulations, official papers, nominal lists, etc.; 2. the army as a coherent community - the privileged class and the battle-tested comrades: formation and institution histories, memorial volumes, military exercises, common holidays the appearance of'what we know' in publications; 3. different levels of educational institutions' course material: textbooks, informational handbooks, yearbooks, etc. - a miscellany of official administrative printed material and publications expressing the belonging to a common body; 4. the appearance and representation of the military in the civilian sphere: informational handbooks, representative publications, participation in everyday life (balls, flag inauguration ceremonies, casinos, clubs, etc); 5. 'The Great War': the collectively experienced big adventure that everyone recorded at the front and behind the lines alike, diverse genres and levels of manifestation. The activity and aspect of different armed corps were similar in the Monarchy, so their publications differ very little from each other: the prints reflect the general manner, taste and economic situation of the given period and place. Celebrations of the Millennium (1896), the sovereign jubilees (1888, 1898, 1908) and the 50 th anniversary of the War of Independence .(1898) particularly stimulated the memorial publications, while the presentation of World War I prints realistically mirror the economic efficiency of the home front.
