Zalai Múzeum 15. Horváth László 60 éves (Zalaegerszeg, 2006)

Irena Šavel: The Excavation Site „Behind Raščica near Krog” the Settlement of the Somogyvár–Vinkovci Culture

140 Irena Savel together with certain other cultures contributed a lot to the formation of some new cultural phenomena (MARKOVIC 1994, 116). R. Kalicz-Schreiber drew conclusions that were similar to those of G. Bandi, namely that in the Early Bronze Age the older phase of the Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture in the Carpathian Basin was contemporaneous with the Makó, late Vucedol and Schneckenberg-Glina III cultures, while the younger phase coincided with the early Nagyrév, Csepel and Nyírség cultures (KALICZ-SCHREIBER 1999, 93, 94, Abb. l,Abb. 2). Pottery is highly representative of the Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture. The depository pot (Fig. 6: 1) is similar to the pots in Börzönce (type H7 after Bondár) (Bondár 1995, 203, Fig. 13), while the pot with the cone-shaped neck and rounded mouth (Fig. 6: 4) can be connected to Bondár's type H 6 (BONDÁR 1995, 203, Fig. 13). Pots with thickened and fingertip-ornamented mouths that frequently carry barbotin ornaments it the lower parts (Fig. 4: 5, 5: 1) have excellent analogies in the settlement of Börzönce (BONDÁR 1995, Tabs. 154: 218; 156: 235, 238), Nagykanizsa - Inkey kápolna (BONDÁR 2003, Tabs. 2: 2; 3: 7, 8; 5: 5, 6, 9; 9: 6; 4: 3; 9: 6; 10: 8; 12: 6) and are also known from the site of Zaloznica (Veluscak 2003; Tabs. 2: 1, 6; 4: 3; 9: 1, 4, 8; 10: 1, 2). Many of the pots that were found at Börzönce also have barbotin ornaments in the lower parts (BONDÁR 1995, Tab. 125: 21-24). Two comparatively larger pots (depository vessels) have split ribs extracted from the strip-like handles (Fig. 6: 1) and are similar to pots found at Zaloznica (VELUSCEK 2003, Tab. 13:7) and Börzönce (BONDÁR 1995, Tab. 158: 247). Smaller jugs with strip-like handles (Fig. 4: \-4, 6) are also very frequent and are very similar to those found at Börzönce (BONDÁR 1995, Tab. 173: 331-349), Zaloznica (VELUSCEK 2003, Tab. 4: 4, 6) and Ptujski grad (Ptuj castle) (KOROSEC 1975. Tab. 15: 2). Bowls and cups on feet that are ornamented both on the inside and outside (Figs. 2: 4, 5; 3: 1,2, 6, 6: 5) can be compared to those found at Börzönce (BONDÁR 1995, Tabs. 149: 192; 181: 425), Nagykanizsa-Inkey kápolna (BONDÁR 2003, Tabs. 2: 1; 6: 3; 11: 4; 14: 3), Zaloznica (VELUSCEK 2003, Tab. 10: 6) and Ptujski grad (Ptuj castle) (KOROSEC 1975, Tabs. 14: 1, 3a, 3b; 15: 1). Some cups have cross-shaped feet (Fig. 3: 4), a characteristic that is also found in Zaloznica (VELUSCEK 2003, Tab. 17: 5). However, it is important to note that - if compared to the above-mentioned sites - Behind Rascica has a larger number of bowls and cups that are ornamented both on the inside and outside, while the very ornamentation itself is significantly richer and more diverse. Inner and outer ornamentation is one of the characteristics of the Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture in the area of Transdanubia (Kulcsár 1998-1999, 118— 119, Tab. 3). Among the finds two fragmented wheels that belong to the model handcart (Fig. 5: 3, 6) are of special importance. Model handcarts were not rare at that period: at the site of Börzönce some examples of wheels were found (BONDÁR 1995, Tab. 179: 445, 446, 452, 453, 454, 456, 457, 455) as well as a model of a whole handcart (BONDÁR 1995, Tab. 177: 422). The model of the handcart that imitates the original (it was probably made of wood) has several analogies especially in the Romanian area. The model handcart found in Börzönce undoubtedly represents an intermediate phase between the models from the Late Copper Age and the Middle Bronze Age. The preserved wheels of model handcarts measure 3 to 8 cm in diameter, which according to the author indicate that the original handcarts were of varying dimensions (BONDÁR 1995, 217, 218). For comparison: the wheels found Behind Rascica measure 5 cm in diameter. The ceramic fragment ornamented with the motif of Andrew's cross probably belongs to the wall of a similar model handcart and is as such - at least with regards to its rich ornamentation - a unique specimen from the Early Bronze Age. Two fragmented moulds that were found Near Rascica speak of a developed métallurgie activity in that region; the stone mould is of triangular shape with a shallow canal that runs in the middle (Fig. 6: 3), while the one made of clay is of trapezoidal shape (Fig. 6: 2). Both at Zaloznica (VELUSCEK 2003, 129, Tab. 4: 10) and Börzönce (BONDÁR 1995, 214, Tab. 179, 432) a few examples of moulds were preserved. The latter were used to cast needles (Börzönce) and Kozarac type axes (Zaloznica). So far the purpose of the two moulds found at our site has not been ascertained. Métallurgie activity has also been confirmed by dross that was found mostly in strata no. 1, 2, 3 and 5 and the following structures: feature no. 12-13 and hollow no. 566-567. Veluscek (2003, 132, 133) established that the life at Zaloznica and Parte (the two sites have several features in common) had started in the late 26

th or 25

th century ВС. He classified both settlements under the Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture (both levels Vinkovci 1 and 2) and based on certain findings came to conclusion that the Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture at the Ljubljana Marshes was not contemporaneous with either the late Vucedol or Ljubljana culture. Finds from Behind Rascica are also similar to those of Ptuj, especially to the material found at Ptujski grad. B. Lamut (1996, 22-25) classified the finds from Presernova ulica 6 and those found at Ptujski grad