Savaria - A Vas Megyei Múzeumok értesítője 28. (2004) (Szombathely, 2004)

Régészet - Ilon Gábor–Sümegi Pál–Sümeginé Tőröcsik Tünde–Bodor Elvíra–Juhász Imola: Ember alkotta környezet Szombathely határában a kora rézkorban

SAVARIA Л VAS MEGYEI MÚZEUMOK ÉRTESÍTŐJE 28 SZOMBATHELY, 2004 pp. 231-254 EMBER ALKOTTA KÖRNYEZET SZOMBATHELY HATÁRÁBAN A KORA RÉZKORBAN A METRO ÁRUHÁZ TERÜLETÉN GYŰJTÖTT MINTÁK POLLEN ANALITIKAI FELDOLGOZÁSA ILON GÁBOR S avaria Múzeum, H— 9700 Szombathely, Kisfaludy S. u. 9., Hungary E-mail: ilong@axelero.hu SÜMEGI PÁL Szegedi Tudományegyetem Természettudományi Kar H—6720 Szeged, Aradi vértanúk tere 1., Hungary SÜMEGINÉ TÖRÖCSIK TÜNDE Szegedi Tudományegyetem Természettudományi Kar H—6720 Szeged, Aradi vértanúk tere 1., Hungary BODOR ELVÍRA Magyar Állami Földtani Intézet, H—1143 Budapest, Stefánia u.14., Hungary JUHÁSZ IMOLA MTA Régészeti Intézet, H—1014 Budapest, Úri u. 49., Hungary THE ENVIRONMENT CREATED BY MAN IN THE EARLY COPPER AGE IN THE VICINITY OF SZOMBATHELY. PROCESSING POLLEN ANALYSES DATA OK THE SAMPLES TAKEN IN THE AREA OF МЕТКО During the early period, the late Lengyel Culture expanding all over the Transdanubian region dominated the territory of the city. An artifact made by the population and considered as unique even in national terms, namely a clay idol perhaps depicting the figure of a sitting god, was found (1939) in the Plachner pebble mine located in the southern sphere of the city (Figure 1). Two of their villages remains were completely wasted by the construction works of the Csónakázó Lake and the operation of the Ujperint pebble mine. Further ceramics fragments collected during gardening in Senyefa also indicate settlements. Another of their dwellings complex was recovered north of Szentkirály in the eastern side of Gyöngyös. Upon the basis of our current information, the remains of their most outstanding settlement was found during an artifact preservation action completed in parallel to the construction of Metro Holding Hungary Ltd. (from August 2000) situated between Route 87 leading to Kőszeg and the current beltway bypassing the city. Followingly and until now, preventive excavations were conducted in cooperation with the investor-owner MO- WA Ltd. prior to the construction of Minerva appartments and a trade-service quarter. As a result, we have gained knowledge of the largest settlement alike rooting back to this era not only in Vas County, but in the entire Transdanubian region (ca. 15 acres in dimension: see Figure 2). As per the (CI 4) radiocarbon dating identification technique (Deb-8486, 8408 and 8518) the village existed around 4460-4200 В. C, i.e. in the second half of the 5 th millenia. Furthermore, 3 houses large enough in size, ovens, circle trenches and an infanis grave (object 8) were recovered. From object 10 (a pit) the wheel of a cart model came to light. The first andworthwile action to take samples and to process data for prehistorical environment-archaeological purposes in Vas County took place (by Pál Sümegi and his colleagues) at the Metro site. Pollen tracks worth to test were recovered in 24 objects rooting back to the Farly Copper Age. 231