Savaria - A Vas Megyei Múzeumok értesítője 24/3. (1997) (Szombathely, 1997)

Zoffmann Zsuzsanna: A Dunántől őskori népességének embertani vázlata

К. ZOFFMANN ZSUZSANNA: ANTHROPOLOGICAL DATA OF THE TRANSDANUBIAN PREHISTORIC POPULATIONS. .. teries seem to have been totally excavated. The other large Transdanubian anthropological series (Zengővárkony, Budapest-Békásmegyer, Szigetszentmiklós, Mosonszentmiklós and Szentlőrinc) are incomplete, so the results of a demographic analysis will also be incomplete. I. D6 (82) I.D10 (64) Ш. BEI (77) m. Di (18) IH.D2 (96) IV. Bl (65) Inf. I. 21,9 4,7 33,3 36,1 20,8 10,0 Inf. II. 19,5 1,6 18,4 13,9 21,9 11,5 Juv. 11,0 5,5 10,3 0,0 6,8 3,0 Ad. 11,0 24,5 17,5 30,6 26,7 33,7 Mat. 25,6 48,9 16,8 19,4 19,9 33,7 Sen. 11,0 14,8 3,7 0,0 3,9 8,1 Table 1: The distribution of larger series according to age. 1. tábla: A sorozatokkor szerinti megoszlása. I. D6: Lengyel Culture - Mórágy-B. 1 (ZOFFMANN 1991); I. D10: Lengyel Culture - Zengővárkony (ZOFFMANN 1969-1970); III. Bl+El: Nagyrév + Vatya Cultures - Szigetszentmiklós-Felsőtag (ZOFFMANN 1995); III. Dl: Incrusted pottery - Környe-Fácánkert (BANDI - NEMESKÉRI 1970),; III. D2: Incrusted pottery - Mosón szentmiklós- Jánosházapuszta (ZOFFMANN 1971); IV. Bl: Illyrians - Szentlőrinc-Téglagyár (LENGYEL, KISZELY, cit. JEREM 1968). (In parenthesis the numbers of the skeletons.) (Zárójelben a csontvázak száma.) Infant mortality was obviously very high in prehistoric times, which is not always mirrored in the examined series due to the above described reasons. The Infant I. age group which, beside the neonate infant dead contains individuals who died before the age of 6, rises above 30% only in the collective Nagyrév-Vatya cemetery at Szigetszentmiklós and in the Incrust Pottery series from Környe getting close to the expected ± 40% (Table 1). Life expectancy is often difficult to tell for lack of neonate infant dead. In the two cemeteries declared to have totally been excavated this value is 28,3 at Mórágy and 21,6 years at Környe. The maximum of probability of death appears at the infant I. age group in the Szigetszentmiklós and Környe series. In the other four series, or rather series fragments, most people died in adult and mature ages (Table 1). The sexual ratio, disregarding the Siófok data, which cannot Ье interpreted, is around the expected 1:1. The only exception is the Mórágy series, where there is a significant female dominance demonstrated both by the classical and the palaeoserological analyses. At Esztergályhorváti, at the same time, the cut marks on the male skulls thrown into the mass grave attest not to the peaceful period suggested by archaeological observations, but at least tribal contentions. E.horváti 38 males 0 females = 1:0.0 Mórágy 14 males 31 females = 1:2.2 Zengővárkony 25 males 33 females = 1:1.3 Békásmegyer 4 males 6 females = 1:1.5 Szigetszentmiklós 9 males 10 females = 1:0.9 Környe 4 males 5 females = 1:1.5 Mosonszentjános 19 males 24 females = 1:1.3 Siófok 4 males 14 females = 1:0.3 Szentlőrinc 29 males 26 females = 1:0.9 The number of inhabitants of the populations using the cemeteries could only be estimated in the cases of Környe and Mórágy. Accordingly, the Mórágy cemetery must have been used by a population of four (or five) families through 3-4 generations and the Környe cemetery was used through two generations by a large family consisting of 4-6 people. TAXONOMIC IDENTIFICATIONS The taxonomic analysis which is to help the historical reconstruction is rather fragmentary in the case of Transdanubian prehistory. It is not so much due to the lack of material as mentioned earlier than to the commonly applied cremational burials in more than one periods. The populations of the Urnfield and Tumulus grave cultures at the boundary of the Bronze Age and the Iron age and also those of the following Hallstatt culture are taxonomically totally obscure. Similarly unknown are the populations of the Incrusted Pottery, the