Cseri Miklós – Tárnoki Judit szerk.: Népi építészet a Kárpát-medencében a honfoglalástól a 18. századig – A Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok Megyei Múzeumok közleményei 58. (2001)

Kovács Eszter: Földbe vájt kemencéjű veremház feltárása Csepel-Nyilasokra dűlőn

Unearthing of a dug-out with dug oven in Csepel-Nyilasokra ESZTER KOVÁCS In the course of an excavation preceding the laying of the gas-pipeline of MOL in Vecsés-Csepel in 1999, we discovered at the site 2-4 of the section in the Island of Csepel, near the arm of Danube of Ráckeve a settlement from the 13

th century. The village was well-known, since the archaeologists found here already in 1988 and 1989 several dug-outs, refuse pits and ditches. The village is identical with the medieval Szőllős, which is mentioned the first time in a document in 1264. At this time, the village was the property of the Abbey of Visegrád, later it belonged to the king. Since the island offered some protection, the village was permanently inhabited during the Turkish occupation, and being the property of the Sultan, it had more income (this is confirmed by the higher taxes it paid). We found in the site two plots on two hills separated by a temporary riverbed. The dug-out, where we recognised the traces of reconstruction, was on the hill of the eastern side. The entrance of the house was at the southern side. Its roof was supported by two big posts in the middle, both standing inside the pit. Its first oven must have been standing in the north-western corner. Either because the oven was damaged or because the oven was too near, one of the posts burnt down. Its charred remains were found in the post-hole. Consequently, the oven was dismantled, but the debris was not carried outside. It was stamped into the floor in the northern side. The new post was placed outside, near the other post, therefore the roof structure remained unchanged. The north-western corner was extended for the new oven. The top and the mouth of the oven were stamped and the pieces of 4 broken pots were mixed to the clay. Since the work-pit was bigger than the oven, after the work was finished, the pit was filled up. The spot could be well seen under the layer of humus. There were no finds in the filling. The house was used in the 13

th century. We found in the layer of filling fragments of pots made of white and red material, decorated with incised spirals, some iron objects (hook, sickle, door fittings?) and household waste. 446