Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 16. 1975 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1978)
Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Zoffmann Zsuzsanna, K.: Excavations at Bicske. II, 1960. Anthropological Finds from the Neolithic Cemetery. p. 61–69.
in 1959, is also deficient and fragmentary; the grave excavated in 1974 gave the only cranium and postcranial bones apt to be tested in every respect. Sexing and age determination According to the sexing made ont the basis of the K. K. Ery. А. К r a 1 о v á n s z к y , J . Nein e s к é г i( 5 ) method, all graves contained adult males. (In the archaeological records P e t r e s( 6 ) mentions female and male skeletons, J. Fit z( 7 ) writes about a female skeleton, while J. M а к к a y( 8 ) presumes that a family group was buried there.) As regards the infant skeletons, no sexing was possible. The age determination was done according the methods of I. S eh our- M. MasslerO F. E. Johns t о n( 10 ) and J. Nemeskéri — L. Harsanyi - GY. Acsádi( n ). The sexing and age determination data are as follows : Grave 1/1933 (70. 6. 1.) — 41 — 45 year old male ?/1933 (70. 6. 1.) - 30-60 year old male Grave 2/1933 (70. 6. 2-) - 44-50 year old male ?/1933 (70. 6. 3.) -1-2 year old child and another belonging to age-group Infant I. Grave 3/1933 (70. 6. 4.) - 42-48 year old male Grave 4/1933 (70. 6. 6.) - 52-58 year old male ?/1933 (70. 6. 6.) - 30-60 year old male ?(70. 6. 7.) - 30-60 year old male and a 23-x year old adult of uncertain sex Grave 1/1959 (70. 6. 8.) - 11-12 year old child Grave 1/1974 (77. 1. 1.) — 53 — 51 year old male Characteristics of the material The metrical and morphological features were analysed according to R. Marti n( 12 ), the cranial indices were classified on the basis of V. P. A 1 e к s e e v - С. F. I) e b e c( 13 ) (6) K. K. ÉRY — A. KRALOVÁNSZKY — J. NEMESKÉRI, Történeti népességek rekonstrukciójának reprezentációja. A Representative Reconstruction of Historic Populations. AnthrKözl, VII, 1969, 41—89, 90. É. F. PETRES, О. С. J. FITZ, Bicske-Galagonyás. IlégFüz, XIII, 1960, 4. (8) J. MAKKAY, A bicskei neolitikus telep és temető. IKMK D/104, 1975. 1. SCHOUR — M. MASSLER, The Development of the Human Dentition. Journal of American Dent. Assoc, XXVIII, 1941, 1153—1160. (10) F. E. JOHNSTON, Sequence of Epiphyseal Union in a Prehistoric Kentucky Population from Indian Knoll. Human Biology, XXXIII, 1961, 66—81. (11) J. NEMESKÉRI — L. HARSÁNYI — Gy. ACSÁDI, Methoden zur Diagnose des Lebensalters von Skelettfunden. AnthrAnz^ XXIV, 1960, 70—95. (12) R. MARTIN, Lehrbuch der Anthropologie. Jena, 1928, 2. ed. (13) V. P. AbEKSEEV — C. F. DEBEC, Kraniometrija. Moskva, 1964. (6) (7) (9) According to J . Nemeskér i( 14 ) the fragmentary series is of Cromagnon type. The main characteristics of this type are : broad, meso- or moderately dolichokran skull, with a pentagonoid shope in norma verticalis, high vault in the norma lateralis with a rounded outline ; the face is low-broad and rectangular. This type determination is supported also by the general robusticity of the material. Detailed analysis, however, showed traits reffering to the influence of another type which makes questionable that the material should exclusively belong to the Cromagnon type. Among these features are e. g. the narrow, ovoid shape in norma verticalis (associated with a hyperdolichokranial index in the case of the skeleton from the grave 3/1933), the respectively flat and long cranial vault, further the hyperphypsikonch orbit in the case of the cranium from grave 1/1974. These and similar traits appearing like mosaics in almost all the skulls presumably point to the interbreeding of the Cromagnon type with in all likelihood a leptodolichomorph type occuring probably a few generations earlier, thus, the two types do not appear sharply discernible in the material any more, althoug the deviations are not totally intertwined. As the material consists of a very few number of cases and its condition is defective and fragmentary, all these statemenst are of course to be considered as hypothetical. The small stature observable in all cases may be the dominant trait of a leptodolichomorph type, however, they may confirm the hypothesis of P. L i p t á k( 15 ) according to which the prehistorical Middle-Europeans of the Cromagnon type had a small stature. Evaluation In compliance with the archaeological investigations, the population of the Sopot-Bicske culture was genetically probably related with the Vinca culture on the one hand, but on the other, however, intertwinning with the local autochton population — more exactly with the population of the Transdanubian Linear Culture, specifically with their latest, so-called Zseliz group — has also to be kept in mind( 16 ). The genetical relations pointing to the south must be anthropologically confirmed, to do this, however, anthropological material is needed. Out of the Vinca culture the anthropological material of only two graves had been up to now investigated (Hrtkovci-Gomolava, Yugoslavia)( 17 ). Out of them, the one belongs to (14) J. NEMESKÉRI, О. С. (15) P. LIPTÁK, Adatok a Duna-Tisza közi bronzkori antropológiájához. Beiträge zur Anthropologie der unqarländischen Bronzezeit. AnthrKözl, I, 1957, 3—14, 14—16. (16) N. KALIOZ — J. MAKKAY, О. C, ID., Südliche Einflüsse im frühen und mittleren Neolithikum Transdanubiens. Die aktuellen Fragen der Bandkeramik. IKMK, A/18, 1972, 93—96. (17) Zs. K. ZOFFMANN, Aufarbeitung des in die VinèaKultur datierten anthropologischen Materials aus 62
