A KŐKORTÓL A KÖZÉPKORIG. Tanulmányok Trogmayer Ottó 60. születésnapjára (Szeged, 1994)

Pál Raczky: Két késő neolitikus „kincs” Csóka (Coka)-Kremenyákról (Vojvodina)

A kőkortól a középkorig — Von der Steinzeit bis zum Mittelalter Szeged, 1994 TWO LATE NEOLITHIC 'HOARDS' FROM CSÓKA (COKA)-KREMENYÁK IN THE VOJVODINA Pál Raczky Lying on the northern edge of the Banat in the Vojvodina, Csóka-Kremenyák is one of the most important Neolithic sites. This site lies in a border region not only in the geographical sense of the word - i.e. where the Great Hungarian Plain meets the Banat -, but also in terms of the dominance of the local Late Neolithic cultures: the assemblages uncovered at this site show an almost inseparable mix of Tisza and Vinca elements (BANNER 1960, 1-4, 34-36; CHAPMAN 1981, 25-27, Figs 127-128). Between 1907 and 1913 the Szeged Museum conducted eight campaigns on the site, led by Ferenc Móra (MÓRA 1925, 18-25). The publication of the prehistoric finds had originally been prepared by J. Banner and I. Foltiny as Volume II/5 of the Publications of the Szeged City Museum series in 1944, on the 10th anniversary of Mora's death. However, the manuscript, as well as the greater part of the already printed publication perished in 1944, and thus the final publication was delayed. In 1960 Banner published the prehistoric finds from Csóka, partly on the basis of the surviving and somewhat updated manuscript (BANNER I960). Banner's study does reflect, to some extent, this duality in time: certain descriptions are repeated, in an often misconstruable manner, a point cardinal to the present study, as will be shown below. Banner's study is the only comprehensive overview of the finds from Csóka site since only a preliminary report of P. Medovic's 1970 campaign has been published so far (MEDOVIC 1970, 18-19). Two distinctive assemblages from the Csóka site are of major interest; however, they have received only brief attention in print. Banner describes two 'hoards' of prestige items, each discovered in a vessel during the 1908 and 1909 seasons (BANNER 1960, 18). In a later section of the same publication Banner again mentions these two assemblages - probably owing to subsequent editing work on the original manuscript (BANNER 1960, 36), relaying the impression that not two, but four such 'hoards' had come to light. The confusion over these assemblages or 'hoards' was heightened even more since the illustrations, as well as the references to them, were not always clear-cut and unambiguous, giving rise to later speculations. Another element, adding to the confusion was that in the detailed, item-by-item description of the two assemblages, Banner quoted the photographic plates (BANNER 1960, 18, and Pis XLV, XLII, LV and LVI). A few pages later, however, in his discussion of the mixture of Vinca and Tisza elements, Banner again cites certain items of the two 'hoards', but this time quoting Tömörkény'

s and Mora's hand-drawn sketches in the acquisitions register of the Szeged Museum (BANNER 1960, 36, and Pis XXVI and XXX), giving the impression that these had nothing in common with the photographs on the other plates. For the inattentive reader the two