Folia archeologica 44.

Gedai István: Dr. Kralovánszky Alán régészeti tevékenysége az ásatási jelentések alapján

PALAEOLITHIC: TRACES 51 retouch in row (the notch is a recent damage). The tang-fragment found in the assemblage is also a characteristic Upper Paleolithic tool-fragment (Fig. 9. 2). Among the worked blades there are the proximal fragments of several retouched blades (Fig. 9. 6 and Fig. 11.4) and there is a truncated blade, too (Fig. 10. 2). Combined tools (Fig. 4. 2; 4; Fig. 7. 2) Mostly the combinations of scraper and of burin occur, with the above described characteristics of scrapers and burins. Cores (Fig. 6. 3; Fig. 13. 1, 2, 3, 3a-b) If they are not irregular raw material pieces with the nagatives of flakes and blades they usually are morphologically close to the classical Upper Paleolithic conical types. Discussion The characteristic forms of the large tools of the site - rather bulky, rough pieces with prismatic cross-section - are due to the basically non compact, bandedlike character of the locally available raw material. There are many pieces with nodular cortex in the material, in spite of the fact that a group of tools consists of definitely final products i.e. they are not only blanks with pebble cortex remained on them but ready-made, beautiful, typical tools. Since the ratio of cores is overproportional among the finished tools, it is possible that the main products were the prefabricated raw material pieces. However, the conspicuously great number of decorticage-llakes seems to contradict this. The great number of flakes, too, suggests local production. Another possible casue of this phenomenon is the primary character of the settlement, that is the main activity of its inhabitants was the production of prefabricated tools. Preparation for further use is demonstrated bv the character of the negatives on the cores, that is the cores were prepared for making much more finer, classical Upper Paleolithic blades, sometimes even microblades. Yet tools of this kind were found at the Püspökhatvan site only in a very small number. The industry of the Püspökhatvan site can be characterized by a wasteful treatment of the raw material and by a tendency toward making tools characteristic of the second phase of tool-making. The manufacture and use of rough tools (industries with choppers and hand axes) are characteristic usually for areas rich in arboreal vegetation and suggests the existence of ecological conditions characteristic of an interpleniglacial (Paudorf). The finds from Püspökhatvan do not fit into the typology of tools of Ithe more or less contemporaneous older Upper Paleolithic sites of the Carpathian Basin (Sajószentpéter, Bodrogkeresztur), except the burin found at Diós (Fig. 11. 1). The closest analogies of the function, character and consequently of the whole assemblage of the sites Diós and Öregszőlő we think to find in the settlement position and finds of the site Korlát-Ravaszlyuktető.

18 Archaic features: The hand-axe-like basic shape of part of the tools, also their measurements, manufacture, the zig-zag-like contour ol the edges of hand-axes, the high proportion of side scrapers among the tool types. Upper Paleolithic characteristics: The typical burin/scraper types of the list, many and characteristic Upper Paleolithic cores, tanged fragments, the degree of laminarization. 1

8 K. Simán - P. Csorba, 1993. 90.