Vízügyi Közlemények, 1999 (81. évfolyam)
2. füzet - Nagy László: Velence megóvása az árvíztől
306 Nagy László Nicholls, R. J.: Coastal megacities and climate change. GeoJournal 37 (3). 1995. Nicholls, R.J.-Leathennan, S.P. : Adapting to sea-level rise: relative sea-level trends to 2100 for the USA. Coastal Mgmt 24 (4). 1996. OECD: Coastal zone management. Selected case studies. Paris: OECD. 1992. O'Riordan, T.: The politics of sustainability. In Turner, R. K. (ed.) Sustainable environmental economics and management. Principles and practice. Belhaven Press. London. 1993. Penning-Rowsell, E. С. : A general model for promoting the integration of national natural resources management. GeoJoumal 43(3). 1997. Penning-Rowsell, E. C.-Chatterton, J. В. : The benefits of flood alleviation: a manual of assessment techniques. Aldershot: Gower Technical Press. 1977. Penning-Rowsell, E. C.-Green, C. H.-Thompson, P. M.-Coker, A. C.—Tunstall, S. M.-Richards, C—Parker, D. J.: The economics of coastal management: a manual of benefit assessment techniques. John Wiley and Sons. Chichester. 1992. Penning-Rowsell, E. C.-Tunstall, S. M. : Risks and resources: defining and managing the floodplain. In Anderson, M. G., Walling, D. E. and Bates, P. D. Floodplain processes. John Wiley and Sons. Chichester. 1996. Penning-Rowsell, E. C— Winchester P.: Scenario construction for risk communication in emergency planning. In Parker, D. J. and Handmer, J. W. Hazard management and emergency planning: perspectives on Britain. James and James. London. 1992. Penning-Rowsell, E. C—Gardiner, J—Winchester. P. : New approaches to sustainable hazard management for Venice. The Geografical Journal, Vol. 164, Part 1, March. 1998. Runca, W.-Bernstein, A. G.-Postma, L.—Di Silvio, G:. The framework of analysis to evaluate environmental measures in the Venice Lagoon. Quademi Trimestrali. Monographic supplement to Year III, No. 4 and Year IV No. 1, May, 1996. Scotti, A.: Progettazione delle opere di difesa delle acque alte: I. Quademi Trimestrali 1 (3). 1993. Scotti, A.: Progettazione delle opere di difesa delle acque alte: II. Quademi Trimestrali 62 (1). 1994. Soika, A. G.: Venezia ed il probléma delle acque alte. Supplemento al vol. 27 del Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia. Venice: Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia. 1976. Warrick, R. A.-le Provost, C.-Meier, M. F.—Oerlemans, J— Woodworth, P. L.\ Changes in sea level. In Houghton, J. T., Meira Filho, L. G., and Callander, B. A.: Climate change (1995): the science of climate change. C.U.P. Cambridge. 1996. Wigley, T. M. I.-Raper, S. С. В.: Implications for climate and sea level of revised IPCC emissions scenarios. Nature 357. 1992. Zitelli, A.—Rossetto, P. : Techniques in the environmental restoration programme of the Venice Lagoon: the 'Palude della Rosa' pilot project Quaderni Trimestrali. Monographic supplement to Year III, No. 4 and Year IV No. l,May 1996. * * * Saving Venice from flooding by László NAGY C.E. Venice is situated on the Laguna of 550 km 2 area (Fig. /.). The city has ever been suffering from marine floods, btu the problem became more severe in the 20th century. In the beginning of the century the square Saint Mark became flooded 5-7 time a year (Fig. 2.), which occurs at sea water level 1.00 m (above Adriatic Sea level, m.aAS). By the end of the century this number has increased to 40-60 time a year, moreover in the decade 1970-1979 the number of floodings was 1,013. Unfortunately not only the number of inundations has increased but the water level also shows an increasing tendency. In the first half of the century the water level exceeded 1.41 m.aAS only once. In the second half it happened repeatedly and in 1966 an extremely high level of 1.94 m.aAS occurred.
