Vízügyi Közlemények, 1995 (77. évfolyam)

1. füzet - Hajós Béla: A vízvédelem és az ember kapcsolatának változása: A vízgazdálkodás jövőképe a múlt eredményeinek tükrében

A vízvédelem és az ember kapcsolatának változása... 19 Changes of the relationship between man and the protection of waters, the future of water management in the light of past results by Dr. Béla HAJÓS, С. E. Three different areas are distinguished by the author in the history of the shifting weight of water management activities: - Protection of man against water; - Protection of water in the interest of man, and - Protection of water against man Arbitrarily selecting three professional sectors of waters management (combatting water damages, communal water supply and waste water treatment) the author presents more detailed analysis of the relationship between water and man. Activities related to the prevention of water damages have outstanding importance in Hungary due to the geographical-hydrological position of the country. The tasks of these field have changed in the following way: - Flood defence, (regulation of high flows); - Control of excess waters, regulation of water courses (drainage of harmful precipitation waters); - Utilization of rivers for navigation (regulation of medium and low flows); - Water utilization (irrigation, fisheries, recreation); - Ecologically oriented re-regulation (revitalization) of rivers, streams and oxbow lakes (reestablishment of semi-natural conditions); - Water storage/retention in excess water drainage canals. Communal water supply has, today, the same task as ever: supply of drinking water of appropriate quality and in sufficient quantity. The crucial issue of this field, as the author sees it, is the provision of drinking water in sufficient (needed) quantity. The author believes that Hungary will, both in the close and long term future, experience drastic reduction of drinking water demands. On one hand this has favourable impact on the exhaustible drinking water resources, allowing the lasting operation of water works of good quality water resources, and also on sewage treatment. On the other hand, however, it has negative impact from economic and technical aspects on the operation of large capacity drinking water production and supply agencies. In Hungary, the problems of sewerage and sewage treatment are much worse than those of drinking water supply. From the quantitative side it can be stated that only 54% of the collected sewage water receives treatment before entering the recipient waters and the share of biological treatment is only 33%. On the other hand only 53% of the population is connccted to sewer systems. The technical level of sewage treatment is lower than desirable and the appropriate legal frames are also missing. The author states, that these problems can be solved only after having the master plan of sewerage and sewage treatment prepared. This plan should set the objective of providing appropriate sewerage and sewage treatment services for 85-87% of the population by 2010-2015. Veränderungen in der Beziehung zwischen Gewässerschlitz und Mcnsch: Das Zukunftsbild der Wasserwirtschft im Spiegel der Ergebnisse der Vergangenheit von Dr.-Ing. Béla HAJÓS Auf Grund einer Untersuchung der Veränderungen der Schwerpunkte der wasserwirtschaftlichen Tätigkeit werden drei wesentliche Perioden unterschieden: - Schutz des Menschen vor demWasser; - Schutz des Wassers im Interesse des Menschen, und - Schutz des Wassers vor dem Menschen.