Vízügyi Közlemények, 1988 (70. évfolyam)
3. füzet - Lotz Gyula-Harkay Máté: A természetbe illeszkedő vízfolyásrendezés
358 Lötz Gy. és Harkay M. развитию естественному растительному покрову и убежище для животного мира воды; также подчеркивается выдающаеся роль береговых деревьев (Рис. 8). По мнению авторов выруб деревьев на береговом склоне только временно приводит к повышению пропускной способности, поскольколку на месте деревьев быстро вырастут густые кустарники (Рис. 9). Для оптимального проектирования регулирования водотоков необходимо многосторонно анализировать условия водотока, при исследовании нескольких вариантов проектирования. Решения принятые при регулировании являются компромиссами суждений, результат которых приближается к минимально необходимому мещательству в условия приподы в плоть до того, что возможным исходом может быть отказ от любых мероприятий на данном участке водотока. Для потверждения точки зрения авторов в качестве примера на Рис. 10 представлен участок водотока, где больше 20 лет тому назав провели регулирование руководствуясь лищь техническими соображениями, но за прощедщий период силы потока восстановили естественное состояние. * * * New aspects of streamflow-regulation in hilly areas by Gy. LÖTZ. С. E. - M. HARKAY, С. E. A basic point of the authors' investigations was the recognition that streamflows had played always a significant role in the everyday happenings of human history. This role was - however somewhat different from time to time according to the level of past civilizations. The past of streamflow-regulation in Europe and in Hungary has been evaluated as a part of nature, and then according to the natural values contributed to a river like its living world, the necessity of preservation enhancing the safety of human production, and of the satisfaction of productive-economic demands. Streamflow-regulation has dalet about the 60s only with agricultural demands and the requirements of mechanized maintenance. Likewise, "up-to-date" straight canals were constructed with regular, symmetric profiles avoiding the presence of trees and bushes, thus changing their natural, ecological environment in river-bed, bank-strip, valley-bottom and flood area (Fig. 1). The bases of future river-regulation are: to fit our small rivers in the natural landscape, and so to call them, "natural streamflows". The authors distinguish between "natural streamflow" and a river regulated by "technical aspects", and characterize the main differences thereof (hyrology, hydraulics, bed-morphology), while laying down some recommendations of some individual - logically interrelated - phases of modern planning on streamflow-regulation (Fig. 2). Special attention is payed by the authors on moderate-size levees (Fig. 4 ), cascade-chutes fitted in the natural landscape that are most suitable for the living world (Fig. 5), on the construction of cross-sections with brims (Fig. 6), on riprap bank-protection (Fig. 7) which would care for the development of natural vegetation and aquatic fauna, and finally on the important role of banktrees (Fig. 8). The authors' opinion can be summarized in the following: cutting of the trees at the slopes will improve only temporarily the capacity of flow due to quick replacement by dense shrub (Fig. 9). Optimum design in streamflow-regulation would need the investigation of several alternatives by a thorough analyses of all aspects of the river. Decision about interferences would be a compromise among these aspects. A final result would be the still needed minimum interference in which non-interference at all might also be involved. For demonstration, a streamflow regulated 20 years ago by use of the technical tools of that age - but "abandoned" since - has been presented in Fig. 10 where the natural state of that river had been regained after some time. * * *
