Vízügyi Közlemények, 1987 (69. évfolyam)
1. füzet - Stelczer Károly: Száz éve alapították a vízrajzi osztályt
32 Stelczer Károly С целью публикации данных и прогнозов уровней воды государственная служба гидропрогнозов, основанная в 1892 году, начиная с 1895 года ежедневно составляет и выпускает «Ежедневную режимную гидрологическую карту» (Рис. 11). Степень развитости методов гидрологических прогнозов иллюстрируется результатами Корбей (1909), который, с целью прогноза уровней воды реки Тисы анализировал историю прохождения паводков (табл. III). Отдельно рассматривались случаи когда паводочная волна проходила только по главной реке когда паводок проходил и по притокам, а также рассматривался случай, когда паводок наблюдался на реке Дунай, куда впадает река Тиса (рис. 13) и, наконец, когда по главной реке один за другим проходило несколько паводков (рис. 14). На основании результатов анализа исследовалась вероятность совпадения паводков на реке Тисе и ее притоках. По методу наименьших квадратов была разработана прогностическая зависимость для створа у города Сегед (I). На основании данной зависимости было установлено, что наибольший уровень воды паводка в створе города Сегед может достигать 939 см. До сих пор наивыший зарегистрированный уровень воды в данном створе достигал 960 см в 1970 году. * » * The Hydrographical Section was founded 100 years ago by DR. K. STELCZER, С. E., candidate of technical sciences The author discussed first the hydrographical activities taken place before the foundation of the Hydrographical Section-on May 1, 1886, by a resolution of the Minister of Public Works and Transportation, No. 1077/1886-, the debat in the Parliament about the necessity of foundation, and finally the most important results achieved so far. The beginning of regular observations in hydrology, the establishment of an observation network, and the development of the national network (stages in 1887,1938 and 1966) are presented in Table IV. Location of operated gauging stations or discharge measurement sites are depicted in Fig. 1. From the period elapsed before the foundation of the Hydrographical Section attention must be payed to the water level gauge constructed by engineer Manila and operated by air-pressure (Fig. 3.), to a report written by Arenstein on the ice-conditions of the winter of 1847/48 (Fig. 5.), and to the geodetical surveys completed on the Danube river (1818-1840) and on the Tisza river (1833-1840). The uniform and centralized organization was necessitated by the need for water level registration and forecasting. A secondary aspect was to concentrate the large amount of observations accumulated by the different organizations into one hand, in order to condense available skills in research and technical development. One of the first activities of the Hydrographical Section was the establishment of a uniform national observation network (water level and discharge) as it is depicted in Fig. 1., then a retrospective processing of the existing information back till 1876 and the publishing of these data in the annually edited Hydrographical Yearbook. To improve the reliability of water level measurements, automated hydrometers (Fig. 7.) and telemetering devices were developed. At the water exhibition of 1885 and at the exhibition organized in 1896 on occasion of the millenium an electric telemetric station was exhibited indicating the position of the water level measured on the Danube at the Chain-Bridge by a device located in the great hall of the Exhibition in the City Park. In the field of discharge measurements relevant results were discovered during the flood of 1895 on the Tisza river by means of synthesizing the measured values in several important cross-sections (Fig. 8.): in the process of a flood "first the maximum of the slopes was attained, then the largest value of the mean velocities has been reached, after it the maximum measured volume and finally the peak, or highest water level came in sequence".
