Vízügyi Közlemények, 1985 (67. évfolyam)
2. füzet - Gábri Mihály: Az afrikai sivatagosodás és a vízgazdálkodási tervezés
256 Gábri Mihály В заключении суммируется опыт, который может быть полезным для венгерских фирм и предприятий, занимающихся водохозяйственным экспортом: помимо статических оценок следует иметь в виду и динамику происходящих природных и общественных процессов (тренды). Технические, сельскохозяйственные, общественные и пр. возможности борьбы против дезертификации должны включаться в водохозяйственные проекты и в интересах их осуществления следует убеждать местные органы власти. * * * Desertification in Africa and the planning of water management by M. GABRl, Civil Engineer Agencies of the National Water Authority of Hungary work on several important projects in countries of Africa and Asia having very low precipitation. In 1985 famine is expected in 27 countries of Africa endangering 12 million human beings. Food aids and organized charity are not the means of solving this catastrophe. Water resource management projects are the only means of exploring and identifying the causes of drought related famine and planners shall pay an increased attention to these causes when designing preventive measures. In this study desert and desertification are defined with scientific terms presenting a review of areas affected by drought, as percentages of the continents, with the identification of the causes of natural and man-made desertification in Africa. Rainfall has steadily decreased since 1950 in the Sahel desert. However statistical data available do not reveal any direct causes of this process and neither is a cyclic pattern observable. In this study data on the effects of the drought on the water resources of the Sahel region are presented together with the quantitative evaluation of the deterioration of soil properties. Among the casuses of deterioration the impact of human activities, such as the improper use of pastures, can be mentioned in the first place. Such effects, however, can be eliminated. Among others the study is dealing with the description of experiences, gained in the region of Agadez-Azwak, in Sudan and also in Nigeria. The final objective of this study is to summarize the experiences, related to this field, having a potential value in planning water projects for foreign countries. In this context one of the main issues is; instead of statically viewing a given situation the dynamics and trends of the processes involved should be identified, together with an appropriate evaluation of all technical, agricultural and societal means of combating desertification and famine. All these aspects shall be taken into account when designing projects aimed at the elimination of the respective causes. * * * La désertification en Afrique et la planification en aménagement des eaux Mihály G ABRI, Ingénieur Civ. diplômé Les entreprises et les institutes de l'Office Nationale des Eaux de Hongrie ont des travaux importants dans les zones pauveres en précipitation de l'Afrique et de l'Asie. En 1985 27 pays africains auront une pénurie en alimentation qui menace 12 millions d'habitants. Les aides d'alimentation ne sont pas les moyens pour résoudre ce problème catastrophique. Au cours de l'établissement des projets de l'aménagement des eaux, les experts de projets prévoient une stratégie anti-sécheresse et des mesures de prévention contre la pénurie d'alimentation en tenant compte davantage des causes de sécheresse et de pénurie de nourriture. Dans cet article, l'auteur définie la notion du désert, et établie une vue d'ensemble de la
