Vízügyi Közlemények, 1983 (65. évfolyam)
1. füzet - Kovács György: A vízkészlet-gazdálkodás tudományos alapjai
A vízkészlet-gazdálkodás tudományos alapjai 23 В интересах совешенствования теоретических основ и повышения эффективности управления водными ресурсами, автор, с учетом мультидисциплинарного характера (рис. 7.) проблемы, предлагает: — совместное развитие систем собра и обработки данных о водных ресурсах с информационными системами; — совершенствование моделей учета антропогенных воздействий, — развитие систем наблюдения и управления качеством водных ресурсов, — разработку системы экономических показателей хозяйственной, общественной и социальной значимости водных ресурсов. * * * Scientific foundations of water resources management by Dr. Gy. KOVÁCS The historical development of water resources management is illustrated in Fig. 1. According to Dávid (1980) this development can be subdivided into three sections and described by a curve resembling in shape probability distribution functions. The evolution of water resources management in Hungary is reviewed in Chapter 2, with the conclusion that of the European countries the conditions under which water resources must be managed are the poorest here. The local supplies which originate within the territory of the country amount to no more than 6 km 3/year, while the overall resources total at 120 km 3/year. The discrepancy between the demands and supplies has prompted in the early 1940ies already the construction of irrigation projects in the area East of the Tisza River, although temporal control over the volume of supplies, the construction of reservoirs became in the 1960ies only a central problem of water management development. The philosophy prevailing in this period is characterized by the fact that storage- and transfer schemes (Fig. 3) augmenting the volume of supplies were envisaged to meet the entire demand for fresh water (OMFB 1970). The prognosis compiled at the beginning of the next decade and covering a time range of more than fifty years (OMFB 1974) has already anticipated supplies reused several times (Fig. 4). In the most recent concept (OMFB 1981) control and reduction of the demands are attributed an importance comparable to that of quantitative and qualitative resources control. The water demand forecast for the year 1981 is compared with earlier similar estimates in Fig. 5, while the demands to be covered according to the watei Balances in the different periods of development are shown in Fig. 6. It is considered of interest to note that the water demand regarded realistic has never surpassed thus far the 6 km 3 level. In the interest of perfecting the theoretical foundations needed for implementing water resources management effectively and with due regard to the interdisciplinary character of the related functions covering several domains of science (Fig. 7), the following suggestions are forewarded by the author: — Complex development of the data acquisition-, processing- and dissemination systems of surveying and monitoring the water resources. — Perfection of the models for predicting the impacts of human interference and measures. — Improvement of the observation- and control systems serving the enhanced protection of water quality. — Introduction of an economic system in which the economic and social values of water are expressed without distortion.
