Vízügyi Közlemények, 1979 (61. évfolyam)
2. füzet - Szinay Miklós: A szikesedés és a talajfizikai jellemzők kapcsolatának vizsgálata tekintettel a vízháztartásra
A szikesedés és a talajfizikai jellemzők '231 29. Váralluaji György (1977): Moisture status and low phenomena in sail affected soils. Proc. "Into-Hungarian Seminar or Management of Salt Affected Soils." Karnal. India. 30. Yárallay György (1978): Soil factors limited optimum water supply of plants. Proc. Int. Scientific Symposium. "The influence of physical factors of soil environment on plant production ." Lublin. 31. Várallyay György (1978): Л talajfizika helyzete és jövőbeli feladatai. Agrokémia és Talajtan. No. 1—2. 32. Water in the Unsaturated Zone (1908): Vol. I II. IASH/AISH —UNESCO Wageningen. # * * Alkalinizatiou and its relations with the soil physical parameters with special regard to the water budget by M. Szinag , Civ. Engr. According to I AO data, of the phenomena impairing soil fertility, alkalinization is among the most important ones as regards geographic extension and consequences alike. The total area affected is estimated approximately at one thousand million hectares. Rather large alkaline areas are encountered also under the semi-arid climate of Hungary, situated in the Carpathian Basin. The area involved here is 757 thousand hectares, while in the deeper soil layers 245 thausand hectares. In the Great Hungarian Plains the salts causing alkalinity stem from the following sources: a) The salts entering solution by the weathering of sodium-containing minerals of the soil forming rocks, b) The salts rising from the deeper geological strata and from profound waters into the groundwater and the soil forming minerals, c) The salts transported from surrounding areas laterally by the groundwater, d) The soluble salts transported by surface water (e. g. irrigation) to the topsoil. e) The salts formed in the soil itself in the course of soil formation. In the salt accumulation processes water plays the roles of the transporting, rearranging and leaching medium. No analysis of the relevant processes is conceivable, unless the relationship between the physical properties and the water budget factors of the soil is understood, taking into account also the variations in both time and space of the three-phase polydisperse topsoil layer. A schematical representation of the properties of the solid soil phase is given in Fig. 7, while the influence thereof on the liquid phase in the soil is shown in Fig. 2. The practical definitions widely used in soil physics have been complies in Fig. 3. The different eases and conditions of moisture movement in the soil have been compiled in Table 1, showing the possibility of salt accumulation from below in cases 7 and 8. Difficulties are encountered in the exact numerical description of soil moisture movement on account of the fact that soil is a non-uniform, polydisperse system the properties of which change in time and space alike. Consequently, the equations analytical methods and simulation models published in the professional literature for describing moisture movement in idealized porous media are of limited validity only and their potential applications are also rather confined. In this context two additional factors should be noted. One of these is that the moisture phase in the soil can never be described realistically by the formula H2O, but a solution of variable strength and chemical composition must be sconsidered instead (Fig. 2), the second being the continual interaction between the solid and liquid phases. Research into the laws governing the behaviour of the liquid phase and aimed at improved solutions to the related problems has developed virtually into a special domain of science. * * *
