Vízügyi Közlemények, 1973 (55. évfolyam)

4. füzet - Rövidebb közlemények és beszámolók

(99). by the River Forecast Centers within the organization of the U.S. Weather Service. A number of forecasting methods have been developed, of which the one most widely used is the Stanford model. In this model the relationship between the runoff from precipitation and the consequent flood wave is processed in a form suited to mechanical computation. In recent times the Sacramento model is also gaining in popularity, in which the hydrological cycle is analysed more in detail and a computer program provides information on the increment stage due to rainfall. Besides describing some of the more interesting methods a review is given on the hydrometeorological organization in the U.S., on the flow pattern and processing of observation data. The principal characteristic data on hydrometeorology in the U.S. are described, comparing them with those applying to Hungary. 2. Nagy, Tibor, Civ. Engr.: Sheet piling experiments with different driving rigs for improving the efficiency of flood fighting (For the Hungarian text see pp. 478) In flood fighting considerable use is made of flat sheet piles for intercepting the seepage path in levees, or for extending its length. For improving the effectiveness of sheet piling a new type of sheet pile was developed and new hammers of higher capacity were also put into operation. For obtaining reliable data on the output obtainable in sheet piling with different hammers, experiments and measurements were made on the embankment flanking the Eastern Main Canal, supplying irrigation water Lo areas East from the Tisza River. From the data obtained here, realistic conclusions were obtained on the relative sheet piling capacity of the various hammers. These data are further suited to select the must suited hammer for particular conditions at periods of flood fighting. 3. Déri, József, Civ. Engr. : Water management in Morocco (For the Hungarian text see pp. 487) Water management activities in Morocco arc characterized by the comprehensive nature of the projects, as well as by rapid development. The inclusive, broad review is thus suited to present interesting information on it. The experiences gained during a term of expert work are summarized. The first three chapters are devoted to the geographical, geological, climatic and meteorological, as well as hydrographie and hydrological characteristics of the country, whereas the division of various functions related to water management within the country is described in Chapter 4. Several ministeries, such as the Ministery of Public Works and Transportation, the Ministery of Agriculture, the Ministery of the Interior and the Ministery of Public Health participate in this work. The fundamental principles underlying the water laws and other legislative measures are presented in Chapter 5, emphasising that all waters form public property. Chapter G describes international relations, while Chapter 7 the problems related to budget allocations and the economics of water management, calling attention to the fact that the principal objective of the program adopted for the present 5-year plan is the development of irrigation. In Chapters 8, 9 and 10 a picture is given on the present state and development objectives in river regulation, drainage and flood control, further multi-purpose storage schemes, as well as on hydroelectric power generation, respectively. In Chapter 11 the moderate advances made in the fields of domestic- and industrial water supply are reviewed. The poor public-health situation in rural settlements is due primarily to the primitive state of water supply. Agricultural water supply and irrigation dealt with in Chapter 12 show a much more encouraging picture, since climatic conditions and demographic explosion make the change over to irrigation farming essential, which is assisted by favourable geographic and hydrographie conditions. The annual average water consumption in agriculture is estimated at 7500 million eu. m. The management and conservation of water resources is described in Chapter 13. The total rainfall over the territory of the country is 150 thousand million cu.m/year, resulting in runoff over two thirds of the total area, the rest being covered by deserts. In the five-year period from 1968 to 1972 domestic consumption was 300, industrial consumption 200 and agricultural use round 7500 million cu.m/year. Owing to the non-uniform distribution of water resources and demands in both time