Vízügyi Közlemények, 1969 (51. évfolyam)
4. füzet - Rövidebb közlemények és beszámolók
(10) CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS OF THE WATERHOUSEHOLD BALANCE IN POLAND By Andrzey Philipkowsky, Civ. Engr. (Warsaw, Poland) (For the Hungarian text see pp. 3) A review is presented 011 the investigations conducted so far in Poland into the theory of the waterliousehold balance and on the relation of the balance with water management planning. A method is presented for the computation of the water budget for surface waters. In the balance relating to a cross section one side of the balance consists rather Llian of a single value, of a possibly long discharge liydrograph (in practice Lliis is usually the hydrograph of monthly mean discharges), which is unaffected by human activity. (Where Ihe discharges observed are not natural values, these must be corrected first.) According to the method described, the water budget is compiled for selected, so-called balance cross sections of the rivers. (Cross sections of existing and contemplated reservoirs should also be included among the balance cross sections.) For every balance cross section a water budget is prepared for each time unit m (usually month) obtained by dividing the observation period of the discharge hydrograph. The water-budget computation for the j-th time unit is accomplished for individual balance cross sections by proceeding in the direction of flow along the watercourse. Consequently, when preparing the budget for a particular section, the results of all budget computations performed for balance cross sections in the catchment pertaining to the section are available. Denoting the section considered by n + 1 and those upstream by í = 1, 2, ... , n, then the result of the water budget is computed according to Eqs." (1) and (2) of the pa;-or (see the Hungarian text). In these equations the following notations are used for the j-th time increment 0 = 1, 2, ..., m) : B n+ 1 — the result of the water budget computation in the (n+ l)-th cross section, Q n+ l — the natural water resources available in the (n + l)-th cross section, J' n + l — water demands (volume of water diverted from the river in the (n+l)-lh cross section), N n +i -- the proper discharge of the watercourse in the (n + l)-th section. This is the greater one of two discharges, namely that to be preserved in the bed lor maintaining the biocoenological balance, or for sanitary purposes and that utilized in the river bed itself by inland navigation, water power development, or in an other manner, AQ n+ l - Ihe change in available surface water resources, representing the combined effect of uses upstream of the (n + l)-th cross section. The components of this quantity are Z — is the sum of returns from subsurface waters, mine discharges and surface waters, imported by outside users to the catchment area pertaining to the (/1+ l)-th cross section and available there for utilization, U — the reduction of the available surface water resources in the catchment considered, owing to underground diversions by users in the subsurface cathment area pertaining to the (л + l)-th cross section, Z\ — return from subsurface water discharged by user in the i-th cross section in the catchment under consideration, Z[ — return of mine water in the same cross section, S .' — use of surface water in the above cross section, B\ — result of the water budget in the above cross-section, » - 1 + sgn Вi 2 — B\ the sum of water deficiencies demonstrated to exist m the bai=i - lance cross sections of the catchment pertaining to the (»+ l)-th cross section,
