Vízügyi Közlemények, 1966 (48. évfolyam)

4. füzet - Rövidebb közlemények és beszámolók

(47) •with different types of distributors ( Figs. 2 and 3, Table I). Taking these ranges as well as those occurring at the regulating structure into account, a method is suggested for determining the design headwater level ( Fig. 4). In view of the fact that surface profiles play a very important role in determining the design headwater level, a brief description of these is also presented. An accurate and rapid method of calculation is illustrated by an example ( ligs. 5 and 6, Table II

). The relationship between the shape of the surface profile and bed roughness is investigated (Fig. 7). It is concluded that the assumption of a bed roughness higher than the actual value may result in serious difficulties in supplying water to areas served by intakes lying farther upstream from the point of surface regulation. In Sub-section 3 emergency spillways are dealt with. In Hungarian design practice these are usually omitted. It is pointed out, however, that other provisions must be made to minimize damages due to unexpected failures in the actuating mechanism of regulating structures, or to eventual ruptures in the canal embankments. In connection with overflows it is remembered that their regular opening and closure is unavoidable in systems operating near their full capacity. Location and design discharges of overflows, as well as economical aspects of their application are discussed subsequently. Overflow designs are described in conclusion. Laterals serving as overflows in case of necessity should remain under the authory of the agency supplying water in order to ensure undisturbed operation. BRIEF PUBLICATIONS AND REPORTS 1. Hazslinszky, T.: Water balance of Hungary (F'or the Hungarian text see pp. 263) The natural hydrological cycle modified by human interference is reflected by the water balance, which can be deteimined in the knowledge of the hydrological balance and the resources management balance. It is represented graphically. Examples from abroad are illustrated in Figs. I to 3, while the water balance of Hungary, in which underground resources are grouped according to type, is shown on the basis of the Hungarian Water Resources Development Yearbook in Fig. 4. Resources are given according to the resources management balance, while demands were determined from the files of the National Water Authority. Water volumes are indicated — following accepted Hungarian practice — in 10

9 cu.m/year units. The balance can be refined by taking into account surface evaporation, underground resources and water quality more accurately. 2. Dr. Lcszlcffy, W., Engr.: The Mctcorological and Hydrological Institute of Sweden, and the training of liydrologisls (For the Hungarian text see pp. 268) The meteorological service was established in 1873 and completed by the hydrological service in 1903. The two agencies were merged in 1945 in the organization shown in Fig. 1. The Hydrological Office employs a staff of 100 persons of whom 25 to 30 are university graduates. Their activities include general hydrology, supervision and research, ice studies, hydrophysics and maritime hydrography. Technicians of the Institue are trained on special courses, offering education in mathematics, physics, meteorology, hydraulics and hydrology. 3. Illés, Gy. Engr.: Canalization of dwelling developments in Sweden (For the Hungarian text see pp. 271) A rapid increase in the number of sewage treatment plant can be observed in Sweden. Their number approximated (Í00 in 1964. In recent times preference is given to activated sludge and oxydation installations over former trickling filters. Several plants employ two types of biological treatment in sequence. 71 percent of the population is served by the sewer system, of which the older part was built on the separating, the more recent part of the integrating principle. One of the outstanding examples is the Käppala regional development (Fig. 1). The