Vízügyi Közlemények, 1964 (46. évfolyam)

4. füzet - IV. Perényi Károly: Héjcsatornák az öntözésben

(8) by now, will be followed by the North-Nógrád-Mátra and the Séd-Gaja systems. The demands of the summer resorts along Lake Balaton will be taken care of by the planned Balaton Regional Water Works. Characteristic for the degree of pollution is that two-thirds of the wastes produced are discharged into the recipient after satisfactory dilution or purification while one-third is untreated. Since the decree on the purity of waters has been passed in 1961 certain improvement can be recorded on some of the watercourses. Increased financial means have been made available for this purpose, the technology of treatment has been improved and in most industrial plants the philosophy on pollution control underwent a significant change. It is expected that the present quantity of untreated wastes amounting to 1,3 million cu.m/day will be reduced to 0,9 million cu.m by the end of 1965 and the necessary extent of purification will be attained not later than in 1970. The practice developed in this respect among the socialist countries and bearing its fruits already may serve as an example for creative international cooperation. Pollution control has become a problem of worldwide interest. Following the International Conference in 1961 and the World Congress in 1962 in London organized by the European Economic Commission of the UNO, a further international conference will be held in 1964 in Tokyo. III. National water resources development. As a consequence of the former predominantly agricultural character of Hungarian economy, water resources development was almost exclusively associated with agriculturel production. The average annual runoff in the country is 120 cu. km, and in view of the fact that the present consumption does not exceed the total of 3,4 cu.km and that planned for 1980 is no more than 13,7 cu.km, the resources might well be regarded to be ample. If, however, the discharge of surface waters in August of 85 per cent duration is considered, the discharge available for utilization is obtained as 564 cu.m/sec and the total demand as 118 cu.m/sec (as in 1960). The design value of diversions from surface waters in 1980 will be 803 cu.m/sec, while the discharge available for utilization will be increased by storage and other interference to 1000 cu.m/sec. In some parts of the country the resources are insufficient to meet even the present demand. Regarding the entire basin of the Tisza River in which the design discharge is 132 cu.m/sec, 55 per cent thereof, i. e. 73 cu.m/sec are already utilized. (A graphical representation of the data is given in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4.) The continuously available dynamic underground water resources in Hungary are estimated at round 207 cu.m/sec, i. е., 6,5 cu.km/year. These underground resources are used to cover a total demand (domestic, industrial and agricultural) of 21,3 cu.m/sec. Comparing the demands and the resources it can be established that appreciable reserves exist along the Danube and Dráva Rivers only. The shortage encountered can, however, be eliminated by storing about 600 million cu.m water in the Tisza Basin, and in the other parts of the country by creating about 100 million cu.m live storage capacity in the form of hill reservoirs. In examining the possibilities for augmenting the supply plain-land storage favoured earlier has been discarded owing to its considerable cost. The scope of water resources development should be expanded in space. Resources management should be coordinated with that of other countries in the same river basin. The factors affecting water resources management are, however, subjected to variations not only in space, but in time as well, and therefore development projects should be planned for the more distant future. In national planning the design duration of the safe discharge has been adopted at 95 per cent of the September value for industrial utilizations, while at 85 per cent of the August value for consumption of agricultural nature. IV". Industrial water uses and industry siting. The greatest consumer of the nations' water resources is industry. The daily water overturn of one of the metallurgical works of the country, the Lenin Works, is approximately of the same magnitude as the average water consumption of Budapest. Considering data for the entire country, industry is responsible for 49 per cent of the total annual water consumption, domestic supply for 9 per cent and by 1980 this ratio will shift to 52 and 7,3