Vízügyi Közlemények, 1960 (42. évfolyam)
4. füzet - VI. Képek a Föld különböző részeinek vízépítési munkáiról
(29) THE PRESENT STAGE AND OBJECTIVES OF SPRINKLING IRRIGATION By Dr. Agr. F. Lehmann (GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC) (For the Hungarian text see pp. 191) 626.845 This paper was read at the meeting of the Hungarian Hydrological Society, Budapest, on the 11 t h September, 1959, by the author who is a member of the International Research Center for Sprinkling Irrigation. After reviewing the development of sprinkling irrigation, it is pointed out, that this topic, and in particular the technical solutions, methods of application, problems of operating economics and of meteorological questions attendant thereto are receiving increasing attention by a number of research institutions. Although the basic theoretical principles have already been established for industry and agricultural practice, there are yet many detail problems avaiting solution in connection with various application forms of sprinkling irrigation. A brief review is thereafter given of the necessity of artificial water supply and of the technical aspects of sprinkling equipment, viz. up-to-date designs of pumping sets, pipelines and nozzles, as well as installation methods thereof. The practicability of all these appliances is considered. Section 4 is devoted to a more detailed discussion to various application methods of sprinkling irrigation, such as water supply, frost protection, sewage sprinkling and manuring. Attention is called to the fact, that sprinkling irrigation is significant not only as a means of supplying water, but in other branches of plant growing as well, so that sprinkling equipment assumes a multiple purpose character. After briefly listing the advantages of sprinkling irrigation, techniques of frost protection, sewage sprinkling and of manure sprinkling are described. In Section 5, in connection with the costs and economics of sprinkling installations, and relying on data collected in Germany, figures are quoted on the investment costs for similar installations (400 to 800 DM for portable equipment. 800 to 1200 DM for semi-permanent, ard 2500 to 5000 DM for permanent installations), and on the average operating costs (1,20 to 1,50 DM, and 140 to 200 DM related to 1 mm rainfall and 1 hectare and 1 year, respectively). Considerations on economic advisability are based on the minimum necessary increment crop at which no financial Josses arise (for various crops, e. g. potatoes, sugar beets, cereals, tobacco, cabbage, stone-fruit and pasture this ranges from 8 to 23 per eent) and this is compared to the actual increment crop (which, according to investigations extending to 50 farms, and carried out by the Chamber for Agriculture, Hannover, attains 35 per cent for potatoes, 148 per cent for sugar beets, 15 to 17 for cereals, 100 per cent for vegetables, 100 per cent for corn, tobacco and 40 to 60 per cent for grapes). These data, being influenced by a multitude of factors, should be considered as rough informative values only. Basic principles for designing are given in Section 6. (Translated by Z. Szilvcissy struct, eng.) III. ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ НАСАДОК ДОЖДЕВАЛНЫХ УСТАНОВОК А. Добсш и П. Шаламин (Венгерский текст на стр. 207) 626.845.002.54 Статья выдвигает теоретические и практические вопросы насадок, в целях развития орошения с дождеванием. Об'ясняет понятия, связанные с исследованием эксплоатацией, проектированием насадок, физические и другие характеристики. Освещает положение отечественного и заграничного производства насадок. Соответственно этим задачам, статья разделяется на следующие две части:
