Botár Imre - Károlyi Zsigmond: A Tisza szabályozása II. rész (1879-1944) (Vízügyi Történeti Füzetek 4. 1971)

Összefoglalás és a további perspektívák. A Tisza-völgy jelene és jövője - Idegennyelvű kivonatok

Tisza Basin, which can be regarded as a forerunner of the "regional development plans" of our days. According to Széchenyi's considerations, Vásárhelyi had treated the river training and flood control works as a first stage of an overall control work in the Tisza Basin, with the drainage of marshy areas, and even kept an eye on the possibilities of future water utilizations. According to his basic principles flood control cannot be successful without applying cross-cuts by which discharge can be increased in the case of a river with extremely small slope, and on the other hand an adequate alignment of the dikes is an important tool and even a criterion of river regulation. But Vásárhelyi died shortly before the works were started and the interested parties, on the proposal of an invited expert P. Paleocapa (p. 35), have modified the plan. The matter of the Tisza regulation was even more seriously affected by the fact that Széchenyi could not participate in the leading activities after the collapse of the War of Independence in 1848/49. The Hungarian autonomy being suspended, technical plans and the organization of the works were both adversely affected by the measures of the Government in Vienna. Instead of co-ordinating the forces of the central governmental and association organizations which could promote planned work, management was out is the hands of various associations and Iccai administrative organs and the plans were repeatedly modified. Thus work was carried on for a long time in a way differing from the ideas of the organizer and designer, but the experiences gained from repeated heavy floods made it necessary io return gradually to the original concepts and organization forms. The works suffered for decades from the lack of necessary harmony and purposefulness, and even anarchy and corruption occurred at some olaces. The capitalist enterprise system starting in the 1850's was responsible to a large extent for these conditions. Local interests started to predominate instead of technical considerations in aligning the dikes: constations were created at some places and large areas were flooded at others. Because material means were limited the dike cross-sections could not be built uniformly and their dimensions proved to be insufficient in most places (p. 57) and construction was carried out very often without the necessary care. The cross-cuts for shortening the course of the extremely meandering river were carried out at several places, on the upper and lower stretches simultaneously but in dimensioning the main channels slopes and soil conditions were left out of consideration. Thus, while the cross-cuts were shortly enlarged to a ,,mother-bed" by the river on the upper stretches (p. 67.) those on the Middle- and Lower Tisza could not develop suitably (p. 65). II. The second volume deals with "The Tisza Regulation from 1879 tili 1944". The consequences of the un-coordinated work began to appear again during the flood period starting in 1876: the success of the whole work was endangered by the irregular alignment of the flood bed and the slow development of the cross-cuts. Discharge conditions have deteriorated, constrictions in the marginal land have resulted in dangerous damming up. As a