O. G. Dely szerk.: Vertebrata Hungarica 15. (Budapest, 1974)

Topál, Gy.: The First Record of Megaderma in Hungary (Pliocene Sediments of Osztramos, Locality 10) 95-104. o.

0, 77-0, 81; P. length 0, 92; P3 length 0,18; P

2 length 0, 72; height of mandible behind M3 1, 77; height of mandible below Mi 1, 40-1, 59; width of upper M

3 1,45-1, 50; length of M

3 0, 95-0, 97 mm. Characters and comparisons. For a more detailed study of the mandible and lower dentition, I used for comparison, besides the above mentioned material from locality 10, some well preserved specimens of this species presumably from locality 1 (marked as 1 F). Its cemented matrix contained also specimens of Rh. cf. delphinensis and a small Rhinolophus (hipposideros size). There was just one other mammal found, namely one tooth of Leptodontomys bodvanus

, which seems to determine the geological age rather well. Moreover, there were found no differences between the Rh. lissiensis specimens from localities 10 and 1 F

. I used Rh. euryale collected in the Carpathian Basin (n = 14), and in Dalmatia (n = 16). I applied the measurement data of also the smaller species. I used the data of RJ^_gj^ejisis and RJl^gj^Jls^iensis, as published by MEIN (1964). I identified this form as Rh. lissiensis

, described by MEIN in 1964 as Rh. grivensis lissiensis from the Perpignan sediments of Lissieu, France, along with Megaderma vi reti. MEIN does not mention the characteristic size difference and longish form of P

2

, and the different proportions of the mandibular ramus as compared with that of Rh. euryale

. Still, these characters could also be inferred from his measurement data. The differences between his specimens and those from Osztramos are slight and possibly because of different measuring technique. Rhinolophus lissiensis is decidedly smaller than Rh. euryale praeglacialis KORMOS from Beremend, and aproaches the recent Rh. euryale. The absolute size of lower P

2 is greater than that of Rh. euryale and of even that of Rh

. euryale praeglacialis

. The measurements of the upper dentition are similar, however, M

3 is narrow and relatively longer thantinRJi

:

eurjale_. Its talon is stronger than in the recent species. There is a tendency of increasing distance between C and the talon of p4 in Rh.lissiensis

. The upper C of the fossil species is more anteriorly pointed than in Rh. euryale

. Scatter diagrams made in the course of this study clearly show that the P

2 of fossil species is greater, even at the same M1-M3 length, than that of Rh

. euryale (see Fig. 2.). MEIN's Lissieu specimen seems to have a slightly shorter M1-M3 length, while Rh. grivensis h

as the smallest, but they all have a rather long V<^

Rhinolophus e. prae glacialis is the biggest and yet it has a rather short P

2

. For this diagram I counted the regression equations and figured regression lines. The equations are as follows: for lissiensis : Y = 0, 624152 + 0, 0256 x for the Carpathian euryale: Y - -0, 965391 + 0, 3574 x for the Dalmatian euryale: Y = -1, 238247 + 0,4153 x It is clearly shown that in this respect there is no regression in Rh. lissiensis (P = 90 %), that is, the increasing size of P is independent from the increasing molar-row length. In other words, the length 01 the second lower premolar, which had probably been still functioning well, is not determined by the size of the body. On the otherhand, there is a significant regression of this character in Rh

. euryale (P = 5%), that is, wilst P

2 is apparently vestigial, its size depends on body size. There is no statistical difference (P = 90 %) between the regression equations of Carpathian and Dalmatian po-