Horváth M. Ferenc (szerk.): Vác The heart of the Danube Bend. A historical guide for residents and globetrotters (Vác, 2009)
Tartalom
Skeletons in rubbish pit in the Csörög Field (PMMI-TIM) Hungarian. The west-east section starts by the Danube on the outskirts of Dunakeszi and stretches eastwards as far as the Nyírség. There it turns southwards and keeps running across the Great Hungarian Plain to the Lower Danube region. These defences had presumably been constructed under the direction of Roman military engineers in the first half of the 4th century, and they surrounded the territory inhabited by the Sarmatians at that time. They were to defend them, and through them Pannonia, against the peoples raiding from the east and the north. In the second half of the 4th century the Romans reinforced the Limes of the Danube Bend as well. On barbaric territory on the left bank of the river (i.e. opposite the watchtowers on the right bank), they made counterstrongholds and reinforced bridgeheads on the confines of today's Szob, Verőce and Dunakeszi. Given this system we can assume that Vác also had a similar counter-stronghold. Regarding the location of the bridgehead called Bolhavár (Flee Castle) in Szentendre Island near the Pokolcsárda (Hell Tavern), its counterpart may have been somewhere around the present Hétkápolna but no traces of its existence have yet been discovered. However, even the reinforced borderline became more and more incapable of resisting the repeated attacks of the barbaric people. At the end of the 370s the Romans were forced to give up the defences, and from then onwards they could not prevent different groups of peoples (Goths, Alans, Huns) from moving to Pannonia. From the beginning of the 5th century the original Roman frontier, the Limes, along the Danube had no retaining power any more either, and from the 430s on Roman rule in Transdanubia had gradually ceased. Germanic-type comb (PMMI-TIM 96.168.4) Ruins of a bridgehead of the Roman Age on the Danube bank at Verőce ROMAN AGE 1—5th centuries AD THE AGE OF THE GREAT MIGRATION 5-9th centuries AD From the 1 st century From the end of the 3rd century The first half of the 4th century The second half of the 4th century From the second half of the 5th century From 568 Early 800s The building of the Limes, Sarmatians in the Barbaricum The expansion of the Germanic peoples The building of the Csörsz Trench The fortification of the Limes The arrival of Hun, Gépid, Goth, Vandal, Scirian and Langobard tribes The settling of Avars The end of the Avar Empire - Frankish supremacy in Transdanubia
