The Eighth Tribe, 1978 (5. évfolyam, 1-12. szám)
1978-05-01 / 5. szám
Page 14 THE EIGHTH TRIBE May, 1978 King St. Ladislas tried to put the stamp of legality upon his conquest by gaining the approval of the Papacy. But as Rome regarded Croatia as a papal fief, and the kings of Croatia as papal vassals, Pope Urban II was reluctant to comply with Ladislas’s request. This refusal soon compelled the Hungarian king to change sides in the struggle between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire. This switch, however, was only temporary. A long-range alliance between Hungary and the Holy Roman Empire really went against Magyar national interests. Thus Ladislas eventually reconciled with the Papacy, and the pro-papal policy was generally followed by most of his successors. King Ladislas’s policy of expanding Hungarian power into the Balkans was continued by King Coloman. In the course of several campaigns (1097, 1102, 1105), Coloman conquered all of Croatia, as well as the Dalmatian cities on the Adriatic Sea. Croatian historians generally claim that Hungarian rule in Croatia was legalized by an agreement (the so-called “Pacta Conventa”) between King Coloman and “the representatives of the twelve Croatian tribes living in the territory between Gvozd and Neretve.” After working out the details of the above agreement, the chiefs of these tribes allegedly “elected him their lawful sovereign, with the title of king of Croatia and Dalmatia.” (Preveden: Croatia, I, 87.) Most Hungarian historians do not agree with this interpretation. They look upon the Hungaro-Croatian union simply as the result of Hungary’s military conquest of Croatia; but a conquest that was supported by the Árpád Dynasty’s well-defined hereditary claim upon the Croatian throne. For this very reason, these historians regard the rule of the Hungarian kings in Croatia during the twelfth century as being “patrimonial,” i.e. not limited by any group rights or prior agreements. Subsequent limitations on these monarchical powers, therefore, were the results of the same developments as those in Hungary. The most important of these developments was the rising power of the nobility, which soon reached the status of a separate “estate,” i.e. a distinct class with separate and legally defined rights and privileges. This, in turn, brought about the transformation of both states from a “patrimonial” to a “feudal” kingdom; and in the feudal system that evolved in the thirteenth century, the King of Hungary, Dalmatia and Croatia (Rex Hungáriáé, Dalmatiae et Croatiae) will have to share his powers with the members of the nobility. After the conquests of Kings Ladislas and Coloman, Croatia remained part of the Hungarian state for over eight centuries, right up to 1918. Governed by a bán appointed by the king usually from the ranks 102 Approval of the variance was recommended by Ligonier Borough Planning Commission as a means “of returning the property to borough tax rolls after 39 years of tax exemption.” Following a public hearing on the matter, Ligonier Borough Zoning Hearing Board granted a variance with traffic control stipulations that Unionvale claimed were too restrictive to be imposed upon future tenants of the building. The stipulations were recommended by Ligonier Borough Council. Withdrawal of the coal company’s offer last week paved the way for the synod plan for the church center and continued taxfree status for the property. Hungarian Ethnic Group Of Western Pennsylvania The Hungarian Ethnic Group of Western Pennsylvania is proud to announce they are helping to put Pittsburgh and Pennsylvania on the map in national folklore and dance competition. “We attended the Midwestern regional competition in Cleveland, Ohio on April 8, 1978 and won positioning to compete in the national competition of PONTOZÓ ’78, an event that is internationally renowned, and will be held in New Jersey. There will be people coming from all over the United States and Canada to compete. Some of the groups are rated as highly as the National Folk Ensemble of Hungary, who are professionals and perform all over the world.” “The Hungarian Ethnic Group is comprised of people from all over the Greater Pittsburgh area, dedicating their time and money to the non-profit cause of promoting Hungarian ethnic heritage that everyone can learn and be proud of. We study history, the language, regional customs, costuming, crafts, dancing, and great cooking. We have faithfully participated in the Pittsburgh Folk Festival for many years and contributed to the great ethnicity revival in the Pittsburgh area — appearing in shows and cooking presentations that we are invited to, and charity shows that have made beautiful memories for the needy. Come and see us perform at the Civic Arena on the 28th of May in the Pittsburgh Folk Festival of 22 nationalities — May 26, 27, 28 — with all the great foods in the food booths, and off-stage folk singing and dancing that goes on all day long for three joyous days. The Hungarian Ethnic Group will perform the great Wheat Harvest Motif and Celebration with three segments — Somogyi Karikázó, done by the children, Tardonai Leány Tánc done by the women and the Rába Region Pántlikázó by the adult couples group. There will be a surprise display booth, with rare crafts and linen, pottery, and embroidery. Food will be freshly prepared daily —
