Szemészet, 2004 (141. évfolyam, 1-4. szám)
2004-06-01 / 2. szám
Szemészet The conquest of trachoma, the dread disease, in Bacs-Kiskun county between 1936 and 1975 Tapasztó I., Tapasztó Zs., Tapasztó В. Tapasztó Optic Ltd., Kecskemét, Semmelweis Medical University, Is' Department of Ophthalmology, Budapest In Bacs-Kiskun county (in southern Hungary) there were in 1936 more than 4000 patients with trachoma; and in 1945 a comprehensive screening found 3582 cases. Prior to World War II, therapeutic methods for trachoma included mechanical treatments, such as curette by Imre-knife and extraction of the folliculi, which were classed as minor surgeries. Patients were also treated using argentum nitricum fusum and other caustic materials. Towards the end of World War II sulphonamides were introduced, given in the form of eye drops or per os. According to the records, there were in 1950 still 2000 patients with trachoma in the county; but in 1965 only 382. The most important factor in this marked decrease was the creation in 1958 of the specialist County Trachoma Centre. Oxytetracycline (Tetran) eye ointment was introduced at the end of the 1960s, and soon became the only therapy used for trachoma. In 1975 there were just 18 cases of patients with trachoma, all of which were successfully treated. An interesting scientific observation has been made based on the cases occurring in this county. Patients living in black-soil (humus) areas had the hypertrophic form of the disease; whereas patients living in areas with sandy soil had the follicular form. A keratoplastica története Magyarországon Kelenhegyi Csilla Jósa András Megyei Kórház, Szemészeti Osztály, Nyíregyháza 1909-ben Fejér elsőként számolt be Magyarországon egy szaruhártya-transzplantációról. 1942-ben már 117 kertaoplastica elvégzéséről értesülhettek. 1961-ben Alberth 400 szaruhártya-átültetés eredményeit közölte, melyet „Keratoplasty” című monográfiájában olvashattunk. Az immunfolyamatok megismerésével, az immunszuppresszív kezelés hatékonyságával és a technika fejlődésével a szaruhártya-átültetések száma és sikere rohamosan nő. Corneabankok létesülnek, ezzel a donorszelekció megvalósulhatott. A kezdeti eseti eredmények helyett egyre több - a látás szempontjából is - eredményes szaruhártya-transzplantáció történik hazánkban. History of keratoplasty in Hungary Kelenhegyi Cs. Jósa András Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Nyíregyháza In 1909 Fejer published his report on the first keratoplasty performed in Hungary; and by 1942 there were 117 known cases of keratoplasty surgeries. In 1961 Alberth published the results of 400 such transplants in his monograph, “Keratoplastic”. A better understanding of immunologic processes, the increasing effectiveness of immunosuppressive treatment, and developments in technology have all contributed to the growing success of the keratoplasty procedure and the rapid increase in its use. Donor selection is now practical, thanks to the establishment of cornea banks. The early transplant operations experienced only sporadic success; but today we perform ever more effective cornea transplants that also make a really worthwhile difference in terms of vision. 2004. június 3. - A Magyar szemorvoslás története I.
