Kovács Petronella (szerk.): Isis - Erdélyi magyar restaurátor füzetek 13. (Székelyudvarhely, 2013)
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Abstracts Zsolt Nyárádi The Medieval Church at Bögöz and Its Churchyard Begun in 2012, the restoration of the church at Bögöz (today Mugeni, Romania) offered a unique opportunity for the archaeological excavation of the churchyard surrounding this medieval edifice. The early Romanesque church at Bögöz was completely demolished by the end of the 13th century and none of its materials were used in the building of the next church. At least, this is what is suggested by the plinth course carved from soft sandstone which stretches all the way around the building’s nave. The fresco series depicting St. Ladislaus I of Hungary, St. Margaret of Antioch, and the Final Judgment were painted on the north wall of the church at Bögöz during the second half of the 14lh century. Further significant work on the church began in the second half of the 15th century and led to its complete rebuilding in the Gothic style of the age. It is believed that the chancel was the first part to be rebuilt. It was extended slightly and was given a polygonal apse, windows with Gothic tracery, pillars, and ribbed stone vaulting with richly decorated bosses. The rebuilding of the church’s nave was performed at the beginning of the 16lh century. The roof was removed and the walls were made higher in order to accommodate large Gothic windows. Traces of this heightening work can be clearly seen today on the west gable. An entrance was opened on the south side which was then fitted with a door-frame and the space of the old Romanesque window was filled up. Unlike that of the chancel, the ceiling of the nave was supplied with terracotta ribs, and seven pillars decorated with sculpted black andesite plinths were built in order to support it. The pillars’ capitals were made of black andesite. The earlier vestry in the north part was demolished and a wider one was built and fitted with a doorway with a stone frame. Once the construction work was finished, the entire interior of the church was paved with stone slabs. During the archaeological excavation work, we dug small excavation pits along the walls, and we also investigated the drainage trenches, which generally had a width of 1 m. One of the major disadvantages of this artefact rescue excavation was that we could only work on the areas designated by the planners and that we could only investigate the areas archaeologically to the relative depth designated by them. The trench system created to drain away rainwater surrounded the church on all sides except the west side. We only occasionally had the opportunity to study the church’s construction layers, since our main objective was to study the drainage of water from the roof and from along the walls. Further away from the church, we dug exploratory trenches south, east and north of the church that extended right the way across the churchyard. The churchyard surrounding the church dates from the 12th century, after the construction of the first church, and was used up until the end of the 19th century. Today, it is surrounded by a slightly oval cemetery wall stretching from east to west which was built following the Gothicreconstruction work in the 15th—16th century. During the excavation work, we also found the remains of an earlier cemetery wall, one connected to the construction activity in the 14th century. In the churchyard at Bögöz, we excavated an area of 160-170 m3 in 2012, happening upon the remains of 215 burials, in which are included the 10 burials excavated in 2009. We could discover which parts of the churchyard were the most used through the centuries. The burials discovered were not numerous enough for a study of the settlement’s demography, but they nevertheless yielded much valuable data about burial customs. By using this data, we could analyse the effects of more widely adopted 18lh-century legislation regarding burials. More thorough analysis of the burials will offer unique opportunities to get to know the changes in, and the use of, a medieval churchyard. Moreover, from anthropological analysis of the bone material recovered, we could learn important details concerning the day-to-day lives, lifestyles, and diseases of the people of Bögöz, and also valuable information about burial customs and their evolution. The artefact rescue excavation work also showed a settlement layer dating back to the Arpadian dynasty and predating the church. Additionally, it answered many questions concerning the features of the 12th— 1 3th-century churchyard and its size. Translated by Zsolt Nyárádi I.órand Kiss Wall Paintings in the Calvinist (Hungarian Reformed) Church at Bögöz Restoration of the wall paintings in the Calvinist church at Bögöz became timely when renovation of the building was planned. The restoration work was preceded by detailed wall research. The frescoes were discovered in 1865, when a window was built in the north wall of the nave to bring light to the pulpit. In 1898, on the initiative of Adolf Csehely, a teacher of drawing at a main secondary school in 215
