Századok – 2022
2022 / 5. szám - TERMÉSZET – TÁJ – TÖRTÉNET - F. Romhányi Beatrix: Plébániák és adóporták – a Magyar Királyság változásai a 13–14. század fordulóján
F. ROMHÁNYI BEATRIX PARISHES AND HIDES: THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE KINGDOM OF HUNGARY AROUND 1300 By Beatrix E Romhányi SUMMARY In the medieval Kingdom of Hungary, the parish network and the peasant tenements emerged simultaneously in the thirteenth century, with all the components already present by 1330. The number of tenements at the time of the papal register of the tenth (1332-1337) was equal to their late medieval number (c. 430,000). By 1300, the size of the individual tenements, appurtenances included, was about 33.6 to 48 hectares, covering roughly 55 per cent of the country’s area. The tithe paid by the peasants per tenement provided the village priests with roughly the same standard of living as that of their parishioners. A parish had an average of 100 tenements (80-120 in most cases). These two systems, the tenements and the parish network, made up the basic structure that shaped the image of the kingdom until the early-sixteenth century. Demographically, the number of souls per parish in early-fourteenth-century Hungary corresponded to that in France, the average household counting about 5 people. By 1500, the average peasant household per tenement had risen to 6.5 persons, while the share of the non-agricultural population had grown from c. 5 to nearly 20 per cent. The non-agricultural population provided labour for the animal trade and mining, but also for the growing urban population and for the military. The rise of urban centres began about 150 years later than in Western Europe due to a much lower population density and better conditions for the peasantry. 941
