Századok – 2022

2022 / 2. szám - TANULMÁNYOK - Galambosi Péter: A szepesi lándzsásnemesség története a 13–14. században

A SZEPESI TÍZLÁNDZSÁS NEMESSÉG TÖRTÉNETE A 13-14. SZÁZADBAN

THE HISTORY OF THE

„TEN-LANCE” NOBILITY

OF SZEPES IN THE THIRTEENTH AND FOURTEENTH CENTURIES by Péter

Galambosi

SUMMARY

The „ten-lance” (decem lanceati) nobility belonged to the group of particular or conditional nobility, which meant that their privileges, fixed by a charter of King Béla

IV

in 1243, were dependent upon certain conditions. The paper presents three main themes in the history of the Szepes lancers in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. It explores the situation of the so-called gömörörök

in

the early organisation of the Szepesség,

in

whom research in the past century thought to have discovered the forerunners of the Szepes nobility. Then, based on their letter of privilege and the surviving charters regarding the lancer community, it describes their legal status, refining the parallels that have been proposed with other social groups in previous research. Finally, by presenting the settlement history of the lancer villages, it outlines the emergence of the lancer seat (sedes decem lanceatorum), which allowed the judicial autonomy of the group to assume a territorial character.

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