Századok – 2009
TANULMÁNYOK - Bárány Attila: Zsigmond király angliai látogatása II/319
ták Normandiát.211 Az angol korona szavatolta az új pápa legitimitását és biztosította egyedüli pontifíkátusa szilárdságát; cserében Zsigmond elismerte Anglia urát a francia korona jogos birtokosának. Mindez lehetővé tette, hogy egy teljesen új, a korábbi terhes francia befolyástól mentes európai hatalmi szisztéma alakuljon ki, Anglia, a Luxemburg-királyságok és Burgundia vezetésével, egyfajta új tengely — Pax Sigismundiana —jöjjön létre a hagyományos 14. századi francia-avignoni dominancia helyébe. A régi Capet-Valois hatalmi blokk letűntével ez az új tengely lesz az, amely meghatározza a következő jó néhány évtized európai politikáját. THE VISIT OF KING SIGISMUND TO ENGLAND by Attila Bárány (Summary) The study attempts to present the visit of king Sigismund to England in 1416 and to draw the diplomatic background of his alliance with England. Among the stays of Sigismund in foreign countries and courts that in England was one of the longest and having the most important diplomatic consequences. It was directed against France, for Sigismund accepted king Henry's claim to the Capetian throne. Upon the basis of new English sources the study offers a detailed picture of the relationship between Sigismund and Henry V (1413-1422). It also presents hitherto unused evidence upon the itinerary of the king, his entourage, his negotiations, chivalric passions and courtly amusements. It overviews the preparations of the royal visit, the grandiose festivities, the mutual gifts, the ceremonies as well as the different stations of the royal journey. The author discusses the negotiations which king Sigismund pursued with the leaders of English politics, and identifies the English aristocrats and prelates with whom Sigismund entertained a personal relationship. One of the main aims of the study is to present hitherto unknown English charters, narratives, treatises, urban annals, diaries, memoirs as well as manuscrips and iconographical sources to the Hungarian public. The author examines the history of the relationship between the Luxemburg and Lancaster dynasties from the first years of the 15th century, which marked a shift from the traditional pro-French diplomacy of the Luxemburgs (e.g. English-Hungarian diplomatic missions between 1411 and 1416, meetings of Koblenz and Aachen). Going beyond the aim of finishing the schism and combining efforts to promote ecclesiastical reform, Sigismund was already thinking in terms of an English-Luxemburg community of interests. The author also analyses the French-Luxemburg relationship between 1413 and 1416 (treaties of Trino and Narbonne), and the gradual separation of Sigismund from the Armagnac-Orleans party and his rapprochement with the duke of Burgundy (missions of János Kanizsai and Miklós Garai, negotiations at Constance and Paris preparing the meeting of Calais in 1416. The alliance of Canterbury was part of the Lancaster-Luxemburg cooperation in the period of the council of Constance, and the starting point of the English-Luxemburg-Burgundian coalition of later years. By examining the negotiations of May-July 1416 the author hopes to prove that the king of Hungary, far from betraying the cause of peace, fought for a peaceful settlement as long as it was a real alternative. He only began to approach the English after the French leaders had rejected all chances of a peaceful compromise. He thought that even in case an English campaign was indeed launched, after the successful conclusion of the council he would return to his previous stance and mediate again for the peace. A military alliance was foreign ground for him, anyhow. The author also considers whether the alternative of a loose alliance, which would not involve an armed conflict on his part with France, was at all available to Sigismund. The treaty for him was an acceptable 211 Már több, 1415 tavaszáról való híradás is arról tanúskodik, hogy az angol és a német követek együttműködtek Konstanzban, 1. ZsO V 432. sz.
