Századok – 2009
TANULMÁNYOK - E. Kovács Péter: Zsigmond császár megkoronázása Rómában VI/1323
lait.)701 Mindenesetre Johann Nikiosdorf augusztus 6-án már úgy tudta, hogy a császár a hónap tizedik napján, vagy kicsit korábban fogja elhagyni Rómát.702 Erre azonban csak augusztus 13-én került sor. Ezen a napon Zsigmond a Szent Péter bazilikának ahhoz a kápolnájához ment, ahol Veronika kendőjét őrizték. Ezután megérkezett IV Jenő a palotájából. A császár a pápa elé ment a székesegyház lépcsőjéig, majd együtt vonultak a kápolnába, ahol a kendőt bemutatták nekik. Ezután kimentek, és a lépcsőnél megtörtént a búcsú is. A Castel San Angelo hídján Zsigmond még lovaggá ütött néhány embert, majd a Porta Pincianán keresztül, a via Sallarián elindult Monterotondo felé.703 Zsigmond azok közé tartozott, akik apjukat sokban példaképnek tekintették. Szerencsés volt, hiszen IV Károlyt nem csak „hivatásában" (német-római császár), hanem a császári cím legfontosabb külsőségében (pápai koronázás) is követni tudta. Azt gondolom, méltán lehetett elégedett, amikor visszagondolt a római napokra. THE CORONATION OF SIGISMUND IN ROME by Péter E. Kovács (Summary) An old dream of Sigismund of Luxemburg was finally realised when on 31 May 1433 he was crowned as emperor of te Roman Empire. The solemn act was preceded by several months of diplomatic negotiations, for the relationship between Sigismund and pope Eugene IV had seriously deteriorated after the convocation of the council of Basel. Yet by the spring of 1433 a compromise had been attained. Sigismund and his entourage entered the Eternal City on 21 May by the gate at the monument of emperor Hadrian. According to Vasari, the canopy used then was made by Donatello, but hitherto I have found no other source to confirm his statement. Nor did the scrutiny of the papal registers yield any result; the name of the artist does not occur in the list of expenditures in the spring of 1433, although it is certain that the entry and reception of the future emperor were carefully planned ahead. The coronation itself took place on 31 May, and its most authentic source seems to be the ordo which was probably used on this occasion. After the ceremony pope Eugene IV and the emperor preceded to the Castel Sant Angelo, then the pope returned to the Vatican, whereas Sigismund, in priestly ornate and with the mitre on his head, rode to the Lateran. What was in his head after the ceremony? We can only guess that he was thinking of his father, Charles IV and felt satisfaction at his success after 23 years of expectation. Yet he did not much bother with nostalgia. He wanted the news to spread as quickly as possible, so as early as 2 June he sent a letter to bishop John of Chur, envoy of the council of Basel, as well as to several imperial cities. Delegations arrived for the splendid festivities both from Italy and the Empire. The greatest came from Nuremberg, where the imperial jewellery was preserved. Yet we know relatively little about the activities of the emperor during his stay in Rome. It seems certain that he was guided in the city by Leonardo Ciriaco Pizzicolli de Ancona. The humanist-collector complained to the emperor about the dereliction of the monuments of ancient Rome. Sigismund must have received a good number of gifts. The city of Ragusa sent 16 silver cups, 8 bowls, 2 chalices and 2 glasses. We also know that two pictures painted by Pisanello for the pope (the Virgin Mary and Saint Jerome) were offered to Sigismund. Yet most of his time in Rome was consumed by affairs of government and politics. The most important result was apparently the successful termination of the negotiations with Venice. These had began as early as the winter of 1432, and on 8 June 1433 the charter which prolonged the 701 Inghirami 48. — Hasonlóan: Infessura 30. és Memoriale 87. 702 1433. aug. 6., Róma: DRTA X. 511. (Johann Nikiosdorf comes palatínus oklevele). 703 inghirami 48. — A lovaggá ütésekről erre a napra vonatkozóan nem találtam oklevelet. Azt, hogy Zsigmond és kísérete a Via Sallárián hagyta el Rómát, más forrásból is tudjuk, 1. Memoriale 87.
