Századok – 1955

Krónika - A történészfront hírei - 530

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BpeMeHHbiit yna«OK KpecTwwcKoro «ΒΗΟΚΘΗΗΗ Ha py6e>i<e cTOJieraií BCKOpe CMCHHJI noflieM. C 0ópa30BaiineM HMnepKajin3Ma eine ßojiee yxyjuunjiocb nojio>Kenne TpynHiiiHXCH KpecTbHHCKHX Macc. CwcTeMa KpynHbix ποΜεετιιίί Bee ßojiee noApbiBajia >ΚΗ3Η«ΙΙΙΜΟ ycjiOBHH TpyanmerocH KpecTbimcroa, npexcie Bcero KpecTbHHCKOii öeflHOTbi. Hapnay c STHM, Β Kane-CTBe ΗΟΒΟΓΟ (jiaKTopa oOe^HCHUH BbicTymia HairpaBJiennaK Ha noBbi.uieHHe i;eH AeflTejibHOCTb ΦΗΜΗΕΟΒΜΧ KanHTajIHCTHMeCKHX MOHOnOJTHÜ, 06pa30BaHHe npOMbllllJieHHblX MOHOnOJIbHblX neii, Bce ßojiee ιιιπροκοε προΗΗΚΗΟΒεΗΐιε rJmiiaiicoBoro KanHTajia Β cejibCKoe XO3HHCTBO Η BCJie/iCTBue aroro Bce öojibiiiee oGpeMCHemie KpecTbHH. 3a nepeoe «ecOTHnerae nocjie. py6e>«a CTOJieraii Β (ÍOjibineii Mepe, qeiw paHbiue, B03pocjia 3aAOJi>i<ennocTb KpecTbHHCKHX XO3HHCTB, OCOÖeHIIO ÖbICTpbIMH TCMnaMH npOHCXOÄHJia npOJ7CTapn3aHHH HH3IHHX CJTOeB KpeCTbHHCTBa. TpyaameecH KPGCTBHHCTBO naimian c 1903 roaa BIIOBI, Bejio ynopHyio 6opb6y nporaß CHC­TCMbl KpynHbix nOMecraii H ((iHHaHCOBOrO KanHTajia. LIeHTpbl ,1BHH(CHHH 06pa30BajlHCb Β ueHTpajibHbix Η Κ»ΚΗΗΧ MCCTHOCTHX AJI([>eabAa. Β 1903 Η 1904 ro;iax BOJÏHCHHG κρεετι,ΗΗ npHHHJio öojibiiiHC pa3M8pbi. nocjie nHTH^ERAERO nepepbiBa B 1903 ROAY BcnuxHyjiH oxBaraB­ΙΙΐΗΒ 6ojibmiie τερρΗτορκκ 3a6acT0BKH >K'neuoB, κοτορι.ιε B SojibiunHCTBC cjiyHaeB KOimnnHCb ycncniHO. HecMOTpa Ha το, ιτο B 3arnnTy KpynHbix noiweuiHKOB BbicbijiajiH H8 TOjibKO waH^ap-MEPHK), HO H CO.I,IATCKNE OTPHFLBI. XapairrepHoii περτοή NOAI-CMA KpecTbjmcKoro ABHH«HHH «BjiHeTCH npe>Kne Bc8ro BJÏHHHHC 6opb6bi nponeTapMTa H Tanwe το, wo, κροΜε Tp86oBaHH0 ôaTpaKOB H KpecTbHHCKOü öe/iHOTbi, Β H Ε AI no.aymijiH rojiocb TpeßOBanHH Bcero KpecTbHiicTBa, πρε>καε ncero τρεδοΒβΗκε pa3/;ejia 3eMjiH. H, HaKOneu, JIJIÎI noflieMa icpccTbKucKoro HBH>k8HHH xapaKT8pHO το, <ιτο OHO pa3BepTbiBajiocb öoabineii qacTbio B MCCTHOCTHX, HacejieHHbix OTNEJIB­HbiMH iiauHOHajibHOCTH-Mii n Jin Β MecTHOCTHx co cMeiiiaHHbiM nacejiciine.M. Β 3T0fí öopböe HH3UIHH, iiaiiooaee yraeTeHHbiH cjioii KpeCTbHHCTBa cnnOTOJiCH BOKpyr paÖO'ierO KJiaCCa KaK εΓΟ Bepilblií H ÖOeilOH COI03HHK. XOTH SOJIblllHHCTBO Kp8CTbíIH-3CMJIT­BJiaflejibii8B HaxoflHJiocb eme ΠΟΛ Β.ΊΗΗΙΙΗ6Μ no.\ieimimbnx H 6yp>Kya3Hbix napraü, KpecTb>III­CKne flBH>KCHHji Ha pyßewe CTOJICTHM CMIAETEJIBCTBOBAJI Η Ο TOM, qro Β 6opb6y προτΗΒ $eoAa-JIH3Ma, IiapHfly C TpyaniHHMHCH MaCCaMH KpeCTbHH-381VUI8BJia«8JIblieB, BO ΜΗΟΓΗΧ MCCTaX MO>KHO BKJHOMHTb T3K)Ke H 3a>KHT01H0e Kp8CTbHHCTBO. Bce 3T0 HMejlO ÔOJlblIIOe 3HaM8HIie c TOTKH 3penn>l C03,UaHHH paßOHe-KpecmbnHCKOZO C0103Q. C ΤΟΊΚΗ 3peHHH Öopbßbl yrHeTeHHblX KaaccoB, cosAaiiHii paßoHe-KpecTbHHCKoro coio3a n noaroTOB.aenHH pacTymeii 6yp>Kya3H0-ß8M0KpaTHH8CK0H ρεΒΟΛιόιΐΗΗ peniaioLuee 3HaqeHne HMejiH xapaKTep, TaKTHKa napTHH pa6o­qero KJiacca. * Ha pa3BiiTH8 BCHrepcKuro coaHaji-aeMOKpaTHiecKoro nimwemtn «o KOHua ôojibiuoe BjiHHHHe 0Ka3biBajia aBCTpHHCKaa c0HHaa-a8M0KpaTimecKaH napTiwi, Koropan Β COOTB8TCTBHH c pyKOBOflCTBOM H3 paßoieii apiicTOKparHH cTpeMHJiacb κ coxpaneHiiro MoHapxHH H Sbuià onopoiî aBCTpHHCKOíí nMiiepnaaHCTim8CKOH 6yp>Kya3HH. ABCTpniicKan couHa.'i-AeMOKpaTii-MecKafl napTHsi He npHHHJia κ ceBcaeHino cymecTBeHH8ÖHi8ro Bonpoca MapKCHCTCKoro yMCniiii, AHKTaTypy npojieTapnaTa, B nauHOiiaabHOM Bonpoce, iiMCKiineM peiiiaiouiee suaMCHiie, πρΗΑερ­>KHBajiacb »yTOHMCHHOH pa3H0BHAH0CTH« HaiiH0HajiH3Ma. Ha MecTo TpeőoBaiiHH npaBa Haun-OHajibHOro caMOonpeAeaciiHH nocTaBiiJia nporpaMMy ManoKpoBHOH »KyjibTypiiOH 3ΒΤΟΗΟΜΗΗ« H0CHUI8ÍÍ SJieMeHTbl HaiIH0HajIH3Ma. BenrepcKan coiiHaa-AeMOKpaTHiecKaH napra« BO BCCÍÍ ee pa3BHTHH CJiCAOBaaa 3a napTHHMH II MHTepHaniioiiaaa, πρε>κΑε Bcero 3a ΗεΜεΗκοίΐ H aBCTpHHCKOíí napranMn, OAH3KO Aawe H no cpaBHenHio c STHMH naprafiMH őbuia CJiaőoii opraii'n3auHeii, >KHBymeH pbixjiyio, TeHeByio >KH3Hb. napTHH, HMeiouiaa He3HannTeai>noe micjio ca.MOCTOjiTeabiibix opraiiii3aiiHH, no cymecTBy BjiHJiacb Β προφεοιο3Μ, εε nepiiiinubiMii opraiwaamiHviH 6w.au προφεοκοω, Bce MjieHbi ΗΡ0ΦΕ0Κ)30Β aBTOMaTimecicii ciina.iHCb qji8HaMii napTHH. Coniiaji-ACMOKparaiecKafl napTM« iipniiaA-TOKHOcTb κ napTHH cmiTajia φopMaJlL·HOcτbK) iipcHeöperaaa o6pa30BaHHeM 14*

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