Marta, Livius et al.: The Late Bronze Age Settlement of Nyíregyháza-Oros „Úr Csere” (Satu Mare, 2010)

IV. Liviu Marta - Nagy L. Márta - Daniel V. Sana: Ceramics

In the north area of the Alföld and in the northern Transylvania, the shape begins to be known during the late Wietenberg188 and the Otomani189 cultures. Variants of bowls with lobed rims were intensively used during the Bronze Age, within the Piliny190 and the Suciu de Sus191 cultures.

Decorative motifs

The decorative motifs present on the vessels of the Oros-Úr Csere settlement were classified according to the decoration technique used: knobs (group A of ornaments), raised/applied cordons (group B of ornaments), fingertip impressions (group C of ornaments), striations (group D of ornaments), dotted impressions (group E of ornaments), channels (group F of ornaments) and incisions (group G of ornaments).

Group A of Ornaments (knobs). The knobs or the applied protuberances, as also named, are ornaments present on almost all the types of vessels of Nyíregyháza-Oros, in a wide variety of forms, as follows: conical knobs (AA), flattened protuberances arranged horizontally (AB), protuberances pointed upwards (AC), oval protuberances pointed downwards (AD), horizontal elongated knobs, fitted with two fingertip impressions (AE), vertical, flattened protuberances (AF), groups of conical, pointed downwards protuberances (AG), horizontal, elongated knobs, fitted with three fingertip impressions (AH), horseshoe shaped protuberances (AI).

This type of ornament, made by an addition of clay to the surface of the vessel, is widely used especially in coarse pottery, not lacking, however, from any of the other categories. The first group (AA) appears frequently on most types of vessels. On pots, portable cooking vessels and, more rarely, on amphorae, these protuberances are arranged independently, while on the rest of pottery forms the conical knobs appear in association with other ornamenting motives (channels, impressions). The upwards pointed protuberances (AC) (specific mainly for the bowls) and the horizontal elongated knobs, fitted with two fingertip impressions (AE) (oc-188 Chidioşan 1980, p. 42; Boroffka 1994, p. 157-158, tip. PI. 4 TE2a, TE2b, TE3a); Rotea 1994, PL 11/7,9; Ciugudean 1997, PI. 4/6, 5/1-2.

189 Máthé 1988, PI. 25/6

190 Kemenczei 1984, Pl. XIII/2; Furmanek-Marková 2001, PI. 4/13.

191 Bader 1978, PI. XLVII/11, XLVIII/7; Marta 2009, PI. 27/3.

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