Marta, Livius et al.: The Late Bronze Age Settlement of Nyíregyháza-Oros „Úr Csere” (Satu Mare, 2010)

IV. Liviu Marta - Nagy L. Márta - Daniel V. Sana: Ceramics

handles are rare in the neighbouring cultural environments, being reported in the Piliny59 and the Berkesz60 cultures. Fragments of an amphora with over-raised handles were discovered within the Lăpuş II-Gáva I pottery of Petea-Csengersima which, together with other elements, suggest the transmission of some influences and / or traditions coming from the southwest61.

Type 6 includes the amphorae with cylindrical neck and wide rim, strongly turned down to the outside (PL 7/5, 37/2). Type 6 is relatively rare within the discoveries assigned to the Hajdiibagos-Cehăluţ62 cultural group, being present, however, in several neighbouring cultures63. On the territory of the Hajdiibagos-Cehăluţ cultural group, the amphorae with tall, cylindrical neck continued to survive within the Lăpuş II-Gáva I cultural horizon 64 and the pre-Gáva65 habitation, being taken over during the Gáva66 culture as well.

Pots

From the point of view of shape, they include the so-called bag-shaped pots, representing an important category of the ceramics in the „Úr-Csere” location, the third in number, representing 18% of all the identified forms. Most of the pots are made of a coarse paste, shallowly polished or just smoothed (64%). There is, however, a significant quantity of vessels made with more care, of a smooth paste, semi-fine (35%) or even fine in the case of one item. Crushed shards and sand, sometimes a large-grained one, were used as tempering material. The firing was an oxidant one, incomplete in some cases. The predominant colours are brown or brick-red. The decoration is simple, consisting, in most cases, of embossed ornaments. In terms of size and morphological aspect, we can distinguish five main types of pots.

59 Kemenczei 1984, Pl. 11/12.

60 Kovács 1967, PI. 14/12.

61 Marta 2009, p. 65, PI. 14/5.

62 Kovács 1970, PI. 2/11, 4/5; Bader 1978, Pl. XXII/9.

63 Piliny (Kemenczei 1984, Pl. II/1-2,111/3/2,5; IX/13), Suciu de Sus (Bader-Lazin 1980, Pl. 17), Oarţa de Sus (Kacsó 2003, Pl. XXIII/22), Oarţa de Jós (Kacsó 2004, Pl. 4/4), Bicaz (Kacsó 2005, Pl. 2/1, 11/1), Petea-Csengersima (Marta 2009, p.23, Pl. 54/15, 64/1), Lăpuş (Kacsó 2001, Pl. 4-10).

64 Németi 1990, Pl. 5/1, 6/7 (Berveni), 13/2 (Cáréi); Kacsó 2001, Pl. 17,18 (Lăpuş); Marta 2009, Pl. 17/1, 18/7 (Petea- Csengersima).

65 V. Szabó 1996, Pl. 49/3, 50/10.

66 László 1973, p. 599-601.

27