Marta, Livius et al.: The Late Bronze Age Settlement of Nyíregyháza-Oros „Úr Csere” (Satu Mare, 2010)

IV. Liviu Marta - Nagy L. Márta - Daniel V. Sana: Ceramics

pottery. There were intensively studied mainly those types characteristic to the Gáva46 culture. However, elements inherited from the amphorae of the Hajdiibagos-Cehăluţ cultural group and from other neighbouring cultures are considered when debating the origin of the shape.

Fragments originating from 65 amphorae were identified in the settlement of Nyíregyháza-Oros, representing 13.15% of all forms of vessels identified in the settlement. Of those, only 4.62% were made of fine paste, 76.92% (the most) of semi-fine paste and 18.46% of coarse paste. In general, the amphorae are well fired, although sometimes, given their great height, their surface present stains of different colors. Only one vessel was bi-colored, black in the exterior and red in the interior (PI. 2/1).

The vessels have been classified in 6 types, starting from their general architecture and considering the shape of their main parts (first of all the form of the neck, the shoulder and the body and secondarily the shape of the mouth).

Type 1 has cone-shaped prolonged body, pronounced shoulder, arched neck and, in most of the cases, out-curved rim (PI. 6/6, 8/1, 31/3, 36/5). It holds the majority in the settlement, being represented by 18 of the 31 items typologically framed. Even if some of the pieces are decorated only with some small knobs, the most of the type 1 amphorae are richly decorated. Different variants of channels and ribs are the most frequent decoration types. Type 1 has numerous analogies in the settlements and necropolises of the Hajdfibagos-Cehăluţ47 cultural group, in which the predominant position of this category of amphorae is confirmed too. Vessels with similar shape are present in several neighbour cultures/cultural groups48. At the end of the Hajdúbagos-Cehăluţ cultural group, this type will survive within the succeeding cultural horizon Lăpuş II-Gáva I49.

Type 2 is a short pottery shape, with short and strongly arched body, curved shoulder, strongly arched neck and out-curved rim (PI. 14/1). Two pieces of this type have been identified in the Oros settlement. It has a weak representation within the

46 László 1973; Rusu 1973, p. 108-112; Kemenczei 1984, p. 64-66; Kacsó 1981, p. 26-34; Vasiliev-Aldea-Ciugudean 1991, p. 80-83; László 1994, p. 75-79; Pankau 2004, p. 49-53; Vasiliev 2007, p. 7-16; Marta 2009, p. 61-65.

47 Kovács 1970, PL 1/18-20, 2/1,6,9,19, 3/7-8, 10, 4/2-3,10,14,18; Németi 1978, PL 10/6; Bejinariu-Lakó 2000, p. 161-162, PI. 4/1, 23/6-7, 22/4, 25B/2-3, 33/1; Nagy 2007a, PL 1; Németi 2009, PI. 1/5 (pots).

48 Piliny (Kemenczei 1984, Pl. XVI/4, XXXIV/21), Igriţa (Chidioşan-Emodi 1982, Pl. 1; Chidioşan-Emodi 1983, Pl.

4/1), Suciu de Sus (a recent presentation in Marta 2009, p. 22-23 - type 1).

49 Kacsó 1975, p. 12/1 (Lăpuş); Kacsó 1981, p. 33 (shape II A); Németi 1990, PI. 2/2 (Berveni), 12/7 (Carei); Marta 2009, p. 64-type 2 (Petea-Csengersima).

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