Marta, Liviu: The Late Bronze Age Settlements of Petea-Csengersima (Satu Mare, 2009)
IV. Habitation of the Lăpuş II-Gáva I Archaeological Culture
The analysis of the pottery shows that the assembly of the forms and ornaments that belong to the Lăpuş II—Gáva I phase from Petea-Csengersima has numerous common complexes with the pottery of the Lăpuş II phase. Common vessel forms are: amphorae (types and variants IA, IB, 2, 3A), pots (IA, IB, 2A, 2B), storage jars, cooking vessels618, bowls/dishes (lAa, lAb, lAc, IB, 2Aa, 2Ab, 2Ac, 2Ba, 5), cups (IA, 2619, 4), strainers, lids, trays. Almost all vessel types present in the settlement at Petea—Csengersima and which are absent from the Lăpuş II phase are very rare forms in these setdements as well: amphora types 3B620 and 4621, pot types 3622 623 and 4628, bowl/dish types 2Bb624, 3625 and 4626, cup types 3, 5 and 6627. Concerning the vessels from the Lăpuş II phase that are absent from Petea- Csengersima because of the typological assessment of the pottery is made on the assemble of the two phases of the necropolis, it is difficult to appreciate the role of some vessels in the Lăpuş II phase. One of the major differences is represented by a cup type that is similar to type 4 but is taller628. Its discovery in all the tumulus graves indicates that the form was transmitted from the Lăpuş I phase. This cup type is represented at Petea-Csengersima only by a vessel fragment (PI. 9/4). Other three vessel forms of the Lăpuş II phase that are absent from Petea-Csengersima are also very rarely encountered or are singular (two vat shaped vessels629, a cylindrical support630, a pyxis631). Several common elements are noticeable in what concerns the pottery decoration from Petea-Csengersima and that of the Lăpuş II type. All types of knobs, ribs in relief, impressed ornaments, protuberances made by pushing the walls outwards and channelled or faceted motifs from the setdements in the region of Satu Mare are also present within the pottery of the Lăpuş II phase. Their importance seems to be close, since the pottery has a common characteristic trait at the level of the forms made from fine paste, marked by the wide channels, by the ribs in relief and the faceted rims. The differences that appear within the pottery of the regions are encountered primarily at the level of coarse pottery. While at Petea-Csengersima the striated decoration has a minor role (under 1,5% of the pottery assemblage), within the Lăpuş group striadons are present on almost each of the vessels made from coarse clay632. In the Lăpuş II phase the different types of finger-impressed appliqué ribs633 have an important role, and are missing from the setdement at Petea-Csengersima. As it was already shown, the differences in coarse pottery decoration are present already in an old phase of the Suciu de Sus culture, conferring a specific regional trait, during a long time interval, in the Middle and Late Bronze Ages. In what concerns the incised-excised ornamental motifs, the research undertaken in the settlements of the region of Satu Mare could not document a clear role for the majority 6,8 Type 2 attracts attention (with doublely curved arch) being specific only of the Lăpuş cultural group and the setdement at Petea-Csengersima. 619 Type 2 attracts attention at this chronological horizon being specific only of the Lăpuş cultural group and the settlement at Petea-Csengersima. 620 Represented by a single import vessel. 621 Represented by a single vessel. 622 2 vessels 623 1 vessel 624 A vessel considered an import. 625 Four vessels. 626 Four vessels. 627 Each of the three types is represented by a one example. 628 Kacsó 1975, fig. 10, 16. 629 Kacsó 1975, p. 53, p. 15/2. 630 Kacsó 1975, fig. 9/ 6. 631 Kacsó 1975, fig. 11/6. A conical lid from Petea-Csengersima indicates the existence of such a vessel. (PI. 18/ 8). 632 Kacsó 1981, p. 52 (Lăpuş — necorpolis); Kacsó 1990, p.80-81 (Libotin); Kacsó 1993, p. 30 (Suciu de Sus); Kacsó 1994, p. 12 (Lăpuş — Gruiul Târgului). 633 Kacsó 1981, p. 64-65; Kacsó 1990, p. 81; Kacsó 1993, p. 30. 88
