Marta, Liviu: The Late Bronze Age Settlements of Petea-Csengersima (Satu Mare, 2009)
IV. Habitation of the Lăpuş II-Gáva I Archaeological Culture
represented by lids with holding knobs (PI. 7/3). Such lids were uncovered in the necropolis at Lăpuş and within the Gáva culture at Vencselő503. The second type of lids is characterized by the absence of a handle, its place being taken by two perforations (PI. 18/8). The preserved example (diam. 6,4 cm) is much smaller than the lids belonging to the first type. A lid similar to this type was discovered in the necropolis at Lăpuş 504. Trajs A single example was discovered. Trays are also mentioned within the Gáva I finds in the area of Carei505. Ember protectors A single example was discovered at Petea—Csengersima (PI. 12/10). Its sole presence and the lack of analogies within the finds of the neighbouring regions make us consider it as being in secondary position (likely to belong to the Suciu de Sus habitation). The decoration of the pottery from the Lăpuş II-Gáva I horizon. Within the Lăpuş II — Gáva I the general aspect of the pottery changes first of all in what concerns the manner of decorating the vessels. The preference for the use of channelled decoration and appliqué ribs leads to a change in the repertory of motifs and modifications in the way in which these are arranged on the vessel. The abandonment of incised-excised decoration and the transition to channelled decoration takes place within a process of large scale modifications. The few data that we have do not allow a clear assessment of the duration of this process nor the reasons that determine this change. The origin of the changes is even harder to determine due to the fact that in the Plain of Satu Mare new elements appear on new pottery forms but are also applied upon older pottery forms. Knobs and groups of knobs (the A group of ornaments) are present in the following forms: conical knobs (AA), knobs with 4 edges (AB), vertical elongated knobs (AC), big horizontal elongated knobs (AD), small horizontal elongated knobs (AE), group of three joined knobs (AF), group of three knobs with gaps between them (AG), group of 4 knobs (AH), group of two knobs (AI), elongated knobs with two or three tips (AJ). Knobs are present on almost every vessel form of Lăpuş II — Gáva I pottery at Petea—Csengersima. These are present on vessels made from fine clay but are intensely applied on pottery from coarse clay. As in the case of other prehistoric cultures, the knobs made from the soft clay of the walls are arranged symmetrically, be it the case of either two or four knobs. Specific of the vessels from Petea—Csengersima within the Lăpuş II—Gáva I habitation as well as of the Suciu de Sus culture is the positioning of the knobs in the upper part of the vessel’s body. Only in the case of type 4 cups do these appear lower, at the level of the maximum diameter. The most common are pointed knobs (PI. 39/11, 40/16, 62/8) that are usually applied on pots, but are also present on other vessel forms. Small, horizontally elongated knobs are relatively frequent (AE), encountered especially on type 4 cups (PI. 7/2, 17/3, 39/11,12). Wide knobs with three tips are well illustrated (AJ), as well as the groups of knobs with gaps between them (AG). Knobs with 4 edges are rare (AB), as 5,13 Dani 2001, pl. 3/2. 504 Kacsó 1975, pl. 11/6. 51)5 Németi 1990, fig. 8/7. 76
