Marta, Liviu: The Late Bronze Age Settlements of Petea-Csengersima (Satu Mare, 2009)
IV. Habitation of the Lăpuş II-Gáva I Archaeological Culture
the form of the neck, given the fact that examples widened towards the rim (in the shape of a funnel), frequendy encountered in the setdements of the Gáva II phase389. Subtype 1B comprises vessels that have a general form characteristic of type 1, having protuberances obtained by means of pushing the walls of the vessels outward. Each of the vessels has four protuberances situated on the shoulder in a symmetric position, crossways. The protuberances may have different shapes: arched protuberances (PL 17/1, 49/3), curved protuberances (PI. 17/4) and large conical protuberances (hypertrophied) (PI. 4/8). The arched protuberances (flattened) have analogies within the Gáva culture in the north-east of Hungary390 and in the necropolis at Lăpuş where these are present on high amphorae as well as on amphorae of smaller sizes391. In the necropolis at Lăpuş vessels with small protuberances are also encountered and were obtained by slightly pushing the walls outward392. One vessel is noteworthy due to its hypertrophied protuberances (which are hollow) positioned in angular position on the shoulder. Amphorae with hypertrophied protuberances are present in great numbers in the settlements attributed to the early phase of the Gáva culture from the Upper Tisa region393 and the Plain of Carei394. They are also well represented in the Lăpuş II phase395. Large protuberances continue to appear in an isolated manner also in a few sites where fully developed Gáva pottery is encountered at: Poraszló396 Teleac397 398, Grăniceşti 39S, Mediaş399, Köröm and Prügy400. Some amphorae from Petea— Csengersima have small handles at the upper part of the neck (PL 9/1), an element which is present only on a few vessels from the first phase of the Gáva culture401 and the Lăpuş II phase402. The vessels of subtype IB from the settlement at Petea—Csengersima have in their structure elements characteristic of vessels from the early phase of the Gáva culture: prominent belly, out standing shoulder, the presence of hypertrophied protuberances and small handles under the rim, the neck decorated with horizontal channelled decoration, the use of wide channels almost exclusively403 404. All these elements are also found on the amphorae of the Lăpuş group, the vessels from the region of Satu Mare and Carei established a geographical link with vessels from the Nir area attributed to the Gáva I phase. These elements were specific of amphorae of the Gáva I phase and continue to be present on some vessels of the developed phase of the Gáva culture although these are rare occurrences (some even isolated) and at least two of them appearing in association on the same vessel . In the case of the Lăpuş II—Gáva I pottery assemblage found in the settlement at Petea—Csengersima one can posit the retaining of some elements of the local Suciu pottery, 389 Vasiliev — Aldea — Ciugudean 1991, p. 80 (type la, present especially in levels I and II at Teleac), László 1994, p 76 (Grăniceşti). 390 Kemenczei 1984, taf. CXXXI/19. 391 Kacsó 2001, abb. 16, 20. 392 Kacsó 2001, abb. 21. 393 Gávavencselő şi Nagykálló (Kemenczei 1984, taf. CXXIX/1; CXXX/1-2,7, CXXXI/10, 15; 133/1). Vajdácska (Kemenczei 1981, 151-159; Mozsolics 1985, 210-211, Taf. 158/la-b), Borsa (Demeterová 1986, taf. 11 /4). Hypertrophied protuberances have been discovered in several sites in the north-east of Hungary although these cannot be dated with certainty to the early phase of the culture (Kemenczei 1984, taf. CXXIX/16, CXXX/12; CXXXI/15, CXXXIII/1). 394 Németi 1990; fig.6/1, 13/1. 395 Kacsó 2001, abb.12-15. 396 Patay 1976, abb.2/1. 397 Vasiliev - Aldea — Ciugudean 1991, fig. 29/9,13-14,18. 398 László 1994, fig. 29/7. 399 Pankau 2004, taf. 31/13, 48/6,7. 400 Kemenczei 1984, taf. CXL/1, CXLI/12, CXLIX/10, CLII/17, CLV/16. 401 Kemenczei 1984, pi. CXXX/1,3; 134/1. 402 Kacsó 2001, abb. 20. 403 Vasilev 2008, p. 9. 404 Vasltev 2008, p. 13. 63
